For the future progress of the modern advanced sciences and engineering such as biological science, material science, quantum physics, and semiconductor and microelectronics industries, the nanometric-scale technology for manipulation, fabrication, control, observation, and analysis for ultra-small structures is required. If photons could interact with small and fine structures within the extent of subwavelength area, it would be helpful for the academic studies on the dynamics of single atom, single molecule and single cell and its engineering applications to the manipulation of molecules, cells, and mesoscopic devices in nanometric dimensions. However, as is well known, the minimum size of the focused spot size formed by photons is as wide as a half of the wavelength due to the diffraction limit.
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