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A new photomask cleaning process using electrolyzed water was suggested in this work. This process using the cathode water with a small amount of ammonium hydroxide showed good efficiencies of removing particles from photomask surfaces. MoSiON surface was not so damaged in the alkaline cathode water compared with in APM. The rinsing process in the anode water eliminated the sulfuric acid residue on the surfaces of quartz substrates. Using electrolyzed water reduced the consumptions of the chemicals, the water and the energy.
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Yoshikazu Nagamura, Hozumi Usui, Nobuyuki Yoshioka, H. Morimoto, "High-performance photomask cleaning process using electrolyzed water," Proc. SPIE 3412, Photomask and X-Ray Mask Technology V, (1 September 1998); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328853