Estimates of long-term surface soil moisture in the midwestern U.S. derived from satellite microwave observations

Manfred Owe; Richard A. de Jeu; Adriaan A. Van de Griend

doi:10.1117/12.373100

17 December 1999 Estimates of long-term surface soil moisture in the midwestern U.S. derived from satellite microwave observations

Manfred Owe, Richard A. de Jeu, Adriaan A. Van de Griend

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Proceedings Volume 3868, Remote Sensing for Earth Science, Ocean, and Sea Ice Applications; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373100
Event: Remote Sensing, 1999, Florence, Italy

Abstract

A database of long-term soil moisture was compared to satellite microwave observations over a test site in the Midwestern United States. Ground measurements of average volumetric surface soil moisture in the top ten cm were made several times per month at 19 locations throughout the state of Illinois. Nighttime microwave brightness temperatures were observed at a frequency of 6.6 GHz, by the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), onboard the Nimbus 7 satellite. At 6.6 GHz, the instrument provides a spatial resolution of approximately 150 km, and a temporal frequency over the test area of about 3 nighttime orbits per week. Vegetation radiative transfer characteristics, such as the canopy transmissivity, were estimated from vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the 37 GHz Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI). Because the time of satellite coverage does not always coincide with the ground measurements of soil moisture, the existing ground data were used to calibrate a water balance for the top 10 cm surface layer in order to interpolate daily surface moisture values. Such a climate-based approach is often more appropriate for estimating large-area average soil moisture because meteorological data are generally more spatially representative than isolated point measurements of soil moisture. Passive microwave remote sensing presents the greatest potential for providing regular spatially representative estimates of surface soil moisture at global scales. Real time estimates should improve weather and climate modeling efforts, while the development of historical data sets will provide necessary information for simulation and validation of long-term climate and global change studies.

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Manfred Owe, Richard A. de Jeu, and Adriaan A. Van de Griend "Estimates of long-term surface soil moisture in the midwestern U.S. derived from satellite microwave observations", Proc. SPIE 3868, Remote Sensing for Earth Science, Ocean, and Sea Ice Applications, (17 December 1999); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373100

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KEYWORDS

Soil science

Microwave radiation

Vegetation

Satellites

Data modeling

Calibration

Climatology

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