An investigation was made of applying (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers laser radiation in treating 403 patients affected by angina pectoris. The patients were administered a course of combined laser therapy consisting of the intravenous laser irradiation of blood combined with laser acupuncture. Apart from that, the patients took the maintenance doses of antianginal preparations and therapeutic doses of vitamins A and E. The blood lipoprotein spectrum revealed that this combined laser therapy was capable of producing an antiatherogenic effect. It was also found that the most effective exposure time of laser radiation was in the range of 10 to 15 min.

Low of middle energy irradiation with helium-neon laser (LLLT) appears to be a simple atraumatic technique for the prevention and treatment of mucositis of various origins. Preliminary findings obtained by Ciais et al prompted randomized multi-center, double-blind trials to evaluate LLLT for the prevention of a acute chemo- and radiation- induced stomatitis. Irradiation by LLLT corresponds to local application of a high photon density monochromatic light source. Activation of epithelial healing on LLL-treated surfaces, the most commonly recognized effect, has been confirmed by numerous in vitro studies, and is a function of cell type, wavelength, and energy dose. The mechanism of action at a molecular and enzymatic level is currently being studied (detoxification of free-radicals).

The purpose of the given research is the comparison of efficiency of conventional treatment of myofascial pain syndromes of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of hip and knee joints and therapy with additional application of low level laser therapy (LLLT) under dynamic control of clinical picture, rheovasographic, electromyographic examinations, and parameters of peroxide lipid oxidation. The investigation was made on 143 patients with OA of hip and knee joints. Patients were randomized in 2 groups: basic group included 91 patients, receiving conventional therapy with a course of LLLT, control group included 52 patients, receiving conventional treatment only. Transcutaneous ((lambda) equals 890 nm, output peak power 5 W, frequency 80 - 3000 Hz) and intravenous ((lambda) equals 633 nm, output 2 mW in the vein) laser irradiation were used for LLLT. Studied showed, that clinical efficiency of LLLT in the complex with conventional treatment of myofascial pain syndromes at the patients with OA is connected with attenuation of pain syndrome, normalization of parameters of myofascial syndrome, normalization of the vascular tension and parameters of rheographic curves, as well as with activation of antioxidant protection system.

An investigation of reflectory analgesic reactions was made on the brain of white mice when it was exposed to transcranial laser radiation with the wavelength of 0.89 micrometers and the energy density of 3.12 J cm^-2. These reactions were evaluated with the aid of `tail flick' and `hot plate' tests. It was found that antinociceptive reactions did not change during the experiment. However, laser radiation might produce a protective antistress effect.

A study is made of a low-intensity laser radiation technique to treat severe cases of yersiniosis. This technique was tested in 43 children affected by severe cases of pseudotuberculosis and in 32 children suffering from intestinal yersiniosis. Comparing laser therapy and a conventional treatment revealed that these approaches produced significantly different therapeutic and immunological effects. It was found that low-intensity laser radiation combined with drug therapy resulted in a reduction of intoxication duration, diarrhea, hospitalization time, and drug doses. Moreover, the combined application of laser radiation and rug preparations enabled an efficient recovery of the immune state.

An investigation was made of applying pulsed (lambda) equals 0.89 micrometers laser radiation in the treatment for early diagnosed periodontitis. The investigation was made on 65 patients (47 patients constituted the experimental group and 18 patients constituted a control group) affected by periodontitis. Clinical and functional tests revealed that laser therapy produced a string effect on the course of the illness. It reduced bleeding, inflammation, and pruritus. However, it did not produce an affect on electroexcitation. Biomicroscopic examinations and periodontium rheography revealed that the gingival blood flow became normal after the course of laser therapy. The capillary permeability and venous congestion decreased, which was confirmed by the increased time of vacuum tests, raised gingival temperature, reduced tissue clearance, and increased oxygen tension. Apart from that, laser therapy subsided fibrinolysis, proteolytic tissue activity, and decreased the exudative inflammation of periodontium.

The salutary effect of laser therapy in medical practice connects with the improvement of microcirculation and the activation of cell proliferation. In the present paper we presented the experimental evidence for the concept of free radical mechanism of stimulating effect of the low level laser irradiation(LLLI). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were obtained from patients with broncho-pulinonary and oncological diseases. PMNL were incubated at presence and in the absence of autologous plasma containing endogenous (porphyrins) and exogenous (phthalocyanines) photosensitizers. Then, cell suspension were irradiated using LLLI in the red (He-Ne-laser, ATML-l, wavelength -632,8 nm, Russia) and the infrared (UZOR, wavelength - 890 nm, "Electronics", Russia) ranges of spectrum. The content of porphyrins in autological plasma samples, the determination of lipid peroxidation products (TBAreactive products) in cells and the detection of intracellular calcium concentration in PMNL using FURA were estimated by spectrofluorimetric methods. It was found that the LLLI in red range of spectrum induced leukocyte priming in vitro. These effect was dose-dependent and accompanied by the increase of intracellular calcium concentration. During laser irradiation of leukocyte suspension at presence of autologous plasma was established that the priming index correlated with concentration of endogenous porphyrins and phthalocyanines in plasma samples. It was shown that the laser4nduced leukocyte priming depends not only on total lipid peroxide products in cell membranes but also its qualitative chemical composition. For the first time we have been found the LLLl4nduced leukocyte priming using infrared irradiation. We propose that the photo-induced free radical reactions underlie in the laser therapy.

This article considers the application of low-intensity laser therapy in treating patients with granuloma annulare. The treatment was carried out by using two different laser therapeutic techniques, namely, the local laser irradiation of pathological foci and the laser transcutaneous irradiation of blood. It was found that both techniques produced a unidirectional effect, brought about a pronounced improvement of the clinical picture of the disease, and normalized microcirculation and microvascular reactivity of the affected skin.

An investigation was made of the effect (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers diode laser radiation with the energy density of 0.6 to 0.8 J cm^-2 on parturients affected by nipples' rhagades. In our experiments, we determined the content of prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and of progesterone (P) in the parturients' blood serum. It was found that laser radiation produced an insignificant effect on the prolactic (PRL) content in parturients with the normal lactation level. On the contrary, it produced a stimulating effect on the PRL level in parturients with hypogalactia. Possibly, laser radiation promoted the decrease in the FSH level in the parturients' blood serum. It was also found that this laser radiation produced an insignificant effect on the levels of LH, estradiol (E2), and of progesterone. Women subsequently affected by mastitis exhibited a significantly higher PRL level in their blood serum, as compared with women of the control group.

Dentin hypersensitivity is the most common patient's complain related to pain. In fact, this is a challenge to treat specially if conventional techniques are used. The possibility to treat pain through a low intensity laser gives us an opportunity to solve this important clinical problem without promote a discomfort to patient. The main point here is not if this kind of treatment is anti- inflammatory to pulp and/or biostimulatory to production of irregular secondary dentin. The most important point here is to understand how much energy is necessary to reach conditions where to tooth become insensible to external stimulus. Our double-blinded study compared a group without laser (Placebo) with five other groups where different doses at 660 nm low intensity laser were employed. The final conclusion is that for 660 nm laser therapy, the doses from 0.13 to 2.0 J/cm2 were more efficiency than the others. The follow up care in this study was of 45 days.

This article deals with the modern principles of designing and constructing laser therapy apparatuses. These principles include universality, compatibility, operation simplicity, compliance with the State Standards, dataware, servicing, and optimizing the equipment weight and overall dimensions. All these principles were took into account by the `Tekhika' Firm (Russia), while it was creating laser therapy apparatuses. For that reason, the equipment of this firm served as an example of the practical realization of present-day designing and constructing principles. Apart from that, an analysis was made of laser therapy hardware. It has demonstrated that there are several trends in the development of laser therapy equipment. First, there are universal laser therapy apparatuses consisting of a basic block, radiating heads, and attachments. Second, there are portable laser apparatuses. Third, there are highly tailored laser apparatuses designed to carry out a single therapeutic procedure.

An investigation was made of how effective various therapeutic techniques are in treating stomach and duodenum ulcers. The investigation was made on 105 patients (70 patients were affected by duodenum ulcer and 25 patients suffered from stomach ulcer). Three different complex laser therapeutic techniques were compared with each other and with a generally accepted drug treatment. It was found that the most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in patients administered a complex laser technique that included drug therapy, the intravenous laser irradiation of blood, and the focal-segmental laser therapy. This complex laser therapy enabled ulcer scarring within 8 to 15 days after the beginning of the treatment (with the average scarring term of 9 days).

An investigation was made of applying a pulsed diode laser emitting at the wavelengths of 0.63 to 0.65 micrometers to treat various otolaryngological diseases, such as rhinosinusitis, acute rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, the illness of the lymphoid ring, adenoiditis, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and catarrhal and suppurative otitis. The therapeutic effect produced by the pulsed diode laser was compared with that of conventional therapeutic lasers. It was found that the pulsed low-intensity laser radiation in the red spectrum region offered a number of advantages over conventional laser therapeutic techniques.

An investigation was made on 142 patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis (62 young and middle-aged patients and 80 aged and senile patients). The efficiency of antibacterial therapy, laser transcutaneous irradiation of kidneys, and intravenous laser irradiation of blood was estimated by the pathogenic properties of urostrains extracted from the patients' urine. The therapeutic effect of the treatment was assessed by bacteriuria, hemolytic and proteolytic properties, urease and adhesive activities, bacteria resistance, and the ability of antibiotics to inactivate bacteria of the serum. It was found that laser transcutaneous irradiation of kidneys and the intravenous laser irradiation of blood combined with antibacterial therapy effectively reduced pathogenicity of urostrains and normalized bacteriuria.

We have studied photodynamic action of He-Ne laser radiation on cultures of Staphylococcus (strain 209 P), Streptococcus anhaemolyticus, and total microflora of dental deposit been sensitized by methylene blue. The concentration of the dye was varied from 0.001% to 0.1%, radiation power density was 100 divided by 2300 mW/cm². Irradiated strain was put into thermostat for 48 hours and the number of colonies was counted and analyzed.

This article presents the results of treatment of 54 patients with acute pancreatitis. The patients were divided into two groups according to the method of treatment. The control group (26 patients) received a conventional therapy, whereas the experimental group (28 patients) received mexidol in combination with the intravenous laser irradiation of blood. Clinical and laboratory tests confirmed a high efficiency of the combined therapy based on the administration of mexidol antioxidant and low-intensity (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers diode laser irradiation of blood. This therapeutic technique produced an influence on the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of acute pancreatitis. The application of this method of treatment improved the course and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

An investigation was made of applying laser therapy combined with drug preparations in treating 300 patients affected by dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Neurological and neuropsychological examinations together with electroencephalography, rheoencephalography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the patients' states prior to and after the treatment. It was found that the combined application of laser therapy and drug preparations produced a more pronounced therapeutic effect as compared with that produced by the separate application of laser therapy and drug preparations. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the 0.89 micrometers laser infrared radiation increased patients' susceptibility to drugs. Moreover, the combined laser therapy improved the cerebral bloodflow and activated the metabolic and plastic functions of neurons. This decreased or eliminated late complications provoked by the cerebral blood circulation insufficiency.

Twenty-three out of forty-four adolescents affected by acute and progressive tuberculosis were administered a complex treatment based on the intravenous laser irradiation of blood. This treatment started 2 to 4 weeks after the beginning of chemotherapy. The efficiency of the treatment was assessed by clinical and laboratory criteria obtained after 1.5 to 2 months. It was found that the application of (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers laser irradiation increased the therapeutic effect and stimulated the healing of the disease. Moreover, it enabled the achievement of a quiet course of tuberculosis with less pronounced residual changes in the lungs.

Tinnitus is a debilitating condition with an increasing incidence, especially among the young generation, due to intensive sound levels at concerts and in headsets. It is, however, not solely a problem of the modern world. The condition is described in papyrus documents dating back 600 BC. Some famous historic persons have suffered from tinnitus, such as Martin Luther, Jean-Jaques Rousseau and Ludwig van Beethoven. It is estimated that roughly one person in ten is affected by tinnitus of some degree. The origin of tinnitus is controversial. It is claimed that tinnitus is located in the inner ear but also that it actually is situated in the brain cortex, as evidenced by PET-scanning.

An investigation was made of applying combined laser therapy in the treatment of 619 children (422 children constituted the experimental group and 197 children composed the control group) affected by inherited forms of psychoverbal retardation. It was found that low-intensity He-Ne laser radiation with the wavelength of 632.8 nm and the output power of 2 mW made it possible to improve the children's mental development. Moreover, it effectively increased their mental activities, such as speech, communication, arbitrary behavior regulation, and locomotory functions. Laser therapy applied in treating children affected by the arrested mental development aggravated by obesity additionally decreased their body weight, increased their field of vision, and eliminated dyslipidemia. It was also found that contraindications to He-Ne laser acupuncture included phenylketonuria-related noncorrected metabolic defects, convulsive syndromes, epileptic activities, convulsive readiness, and cerebrolysine intramuscular injections.

An investigation was made of changes in the densities of small, middle-sized, and large lymphocytes when the popliteal lymphatic nodes of white rates were exposed to (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers He-Ne laser radiation with the energy densities of 0.3, 3, and 30 J cm^-2. Initially, different anatomical structures of the left and right popliteal lymphatic nodes had virtually similar lymphocyte densities. After a single exposition of these lymphatic nodes to low-intensity He-Ne laser radiation, lymphocyte densities changed. These changes were dependent on the energy density of laser radiation. It was found that the energy density of 0.3 J cm^-2 produced insignificant changes. As the energy density increased, the density of lymphocytes exhibited more pronounced changes. The energy densities of 0.3 and of 3 J cm^-2 initiated activation processes in the lymphoid tissue of lymphatic nodes. The energy density of 30 J cm^-2 produced notable destructive changes in the tissue of lymphatic nodes. Apart from that, it was found that the contralateral (non-exposed) lymphatic node revealed similar changes in the density of lymphocytes as compared with the exposed lymphatic node. This provided evidence for a systemic reaction of the immune system to He-Ne laser radiation.

An investigation was made on 38 patients affected by exertion angina pectoris of the I-III functional classes. The patients survived a Q-associated myocardial infarction not earlier than 1 year ago. The patients were treated according to a 10-session course of laser infrared therapy. The dynamics of several hemorheological indices (such as blood viscosity, the hematocrit of venous blood, fibrinogen, fibronectine, thrombocyte aggregation, antithrombin III, and the activated partial thrombplastin time) was estimated prior to the treatment, 5 - 7 days after the beginning of laser therapy, and 30 days after the beginning of laser therapy treatment. It was found that laser therapy was capable of producing a significant decrease in the blood viscosity, fibrinogen level, and in the aggregation of thrombocytes. Moreover, laser infrared therapy carried out on patients affected by post-infarction cardiosclerosis and by stable exertion stenocardia of the I-III functional classes produced a reliable normalization of hemorheological indices of the blood.