The algorithm of three-dimensional numerical computation of electrostatic fields based on the first-kind Fredholm integral equations with finite element approximation of electrodes' surface geometry and charge distribution on a triangular mesh is proposed. Using the Fichera's theorems for special treatment of surface charge singularities in the vicinity of electrodes' vertexes and ribs provides high calculation accuracy with acceptable CPU time consumption. It makes the software based on the proposed algorithm effective for solving the problems of precise charge particle optics.

The main goal of the present article is to demonstrate a highly original but very effective approach to solve a number of electron-optical problems. The devices offered are of electrostatic type. Aspects of the theory, for instance, how to set the required problem and then design an instrument are given in details. Some of the device's applications are considered here. For example, due to their usage geometrical aberrations cna be inhibited in multi-stage electron spectrometers, and a time aberration can be limited in a scheme of high transmission time-of-flight mass spectrometer as well. These devices are able to transport large phase space fluxes a certain distance apart. Besides, it is easy to design and produce the devices employing contemporary technology methods.

Calculation formulas for the coefficients of the spherical and axial chromatic aberrations in the rotatory-symmetry electrostatic electron mirror are derived. A technique for elimination of the higher-order derivatives of the mirror system potential axial distribution out of integrands is presented. By means of numerical calculations, conditions for parallel elimination of the spherical and axial chromatic aberrations in the three- and four-electrode electrostatic mirrors composed of coaxial cylindrical of the same diameter are found. Principal layout of the dark-field image transmission electron microscope with the electrostatic electron mirror as the objective lens is given.

Program complex TAU intended for simulation of electron beam forming systems is considered in the article. TAU uses integral method for electric and magnetic field calculation and time domain algorithm for trajectory analysis. Because of high accurayc and universality of algorithms TAU permits one to calculate forming systems for different electron devices. Some examples demonstrate TAU possibilities in klystron-type devices simulation.

The computer-aided design of gridded electron guns on a basis of two, two and half and 3D mathematical models is carried out. The parameters of cathode-grid assembly (CGA) are calculated, synthesis and the trajectories analysis of ungridded gun, in which a control grid is supposed to be established, are realized. The trajectories analysis of a beam in CGA cells is fulfilled, the coordinates, velocites and charges of large particles on an exit from CGA cells are used for definition of the initial data for solving beam motion equations in the gridded electron gun and further in magnetic focusing system. Electron-optical systems with gridded electron gun, designed with the help of this complex of codes, do not require experimental correction and provide good current permeability in microwave tubes.

Some aspects of program realization of distance learning system for study electron optics in magnetic lenses is presented in article. Basic physical principles realized in model for lengthy and short magnetic lenses are discussed. This system is realized on client-server architecture. Server programs are written on languages Perl and PHP, and client part for visualization of 3D graph is programmed on language VRML, 2.0. Some simulation results have been obtained for lengthy and short lenses as well as for systems of several lenses are presented.

The physics-mathematical model of acceleration gap of intensive electronic beam, whih take into account ionization processes and mobility of emitting surface of plasma was suggested. The developed algorithm of calculation of electron-optical system with the plasma emitter was realized in the programs of numerical simulation of conditions of formation of narrow and tubular electron beams. Numerical simulation has shown, that ionization processes can both positive and negative influences on formation and characteristics of electron beam.

New hybrid model for three electrodes gun was developed. It was called as Equivalent Cylinder Model (ECM). It allows to find field distribution and its derivatives analytically and gives useful information about electron gun paraxial properties as well as nonparaxial ones. The aberrations coefficients dependence on bias values was calculated. Current density radial distributions are discussed briefly. This model can be useful for design of devices working under Koehler mode.

An MIS-I modification of the electron-beam source of multicharged ions (EBIS) is under development at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Phyics. MIS-I has a superconducting solenoid for 3 T and 1 m long. For optimizaiton of the electron-optical system (EOS) MIS-I, a set of experiments is prepared for testing EOS MIS-I on the existing facility IMI-2 with a vertical structure. Detailed numerical simulation was performed to correlate magnetic and electric fields with allowance for installing the EOS MIS-I electron gun in EBIS IMI-2. The cathode radius of this electron gun is 17 mm, the cathode curvature radius is 21.5 mm, and the perveance is p = 1.45μA/V^3/2.

For maintenance repeatability technological of ion processing, it is necessary to support density of ion current and distribution density of ion current by constants. For this purpose the control device of ion sources with a wide beam has been developed. In this work the device for exact reproduction structure of a beam negatively or positively charged particles, is described. Calculation mistakes of measurement currents for the given device are resulted.

Universal expression for PEEM/LEEM resolution was found for a case when chromatical aberration and diffraction are limiting factors and for compound electrostatic and magnetic fields. This expression has the following advantage: it depends on emission energy and as a result resolution can be calculated for any electron start energy using psi function. It can be useful to find the best theoretical resolution.

Problem of synthesis of spatial electron waves with specified properties is discussed and possible design solutions of controlled electron beam transparency and filters to synthesis wave fields with specified before properties for electron beam computers were discussed.

An economical anode modulator of electron diode guns was developed for electron-beam sources of multicharged ions IMI-1 and IMI-2. The modulator ensures switching on and off an intense ionizing electron beam.

The methods of the generation of intense electron beams with small angular and momentum spread are discussed. The forming of these beams gives new possibilities for the electron cooling of ion beams with large initial emittances stored in a ring. These methods are of a practical interest for specialists dealing with intense electron beams. This work is supported by RFBR, grant No. 99-02-17716.

In the given work the experimental results of formation of the electron beam with a current up to 4 A in the electron gun with the cathode of a small diameter - 13 mm are presented. The gun is intended for generation of intense electron beams in systems of electron cooling used for fast and deep cooling of ions in the scheme with large factor of expansion in a decreasing magnetic field.

Algorithms and program of relativistic electron beam synthesis in the electrostatic compressor based on using of geometrized tubular relativistic beam equations are submitted. The calculations have confirmed efficiency of the algorithms, used in the program, and opporunity of high exit specific power injector creation with the help of the electrostatic compression.

Problems connected with the use of magnetron-injection guns for beam-plasma micorwave tubes are discussed. Some data of computer modeling for such electron-optical systems and proposals of design based on scheme 'synthsis-technological electrodes-analysis' with dense beam geometrized theory application are given.

The work is devoted to a problem of designing and account of electron-optical systems for working and perspective designs of beam-plasma devices of microwave.

The interactions of fast helium ions of initial energies in the range Eα </= MeV with an emitter heterogeneous meidum in a secondary-emission radioisotope source of electric current are considered. it was elaborated approximation formulae which allow to calculate, in particular, the stopping power of emitter matter, the ranges of charged particles in emitter composite medium and so on. In the case of helium ions from a polonium radioisotope source, the emitter effective width was determined. The optimum conditions of electric current generation by secondary electrons in the heterogeneous medium of emitter and the optimum choice of parameters of battery demonstation sample are discussed.

The results of investigations of some possibilities of numeric-analytical methods application for solving problems of the heat-mass transfer that is concerned with wide kilovolt electron beam with solids interaction processes are reported. The differential equation describing the diffusion of non-equilibrium minority charge carriers generated by electron beam in semiconducotrs is observed. The spectral method using the modified Laguerre's functions based on the mathematical orthogonal projection apparatus is developed for solving this equation.

The absorption of IR-radiation 200-4000 cm^-1 range of 0,65-1,9 micron thick polyimide thin-films with such functional coverings as titanium, silicon nitride, aluminium was investigated. The 1,3-1,4 micron thick polyimide structure have 85% absorption of IR-radiation of 720-1250 cm^-1 range. On the base of the developed polyimide thin-film technology linear micro bolometric array detectors was fabricated and investigated. Calculated value of the linear micro bolometer array detectivity is 4×10⁷ cm Hz^1/2W^-1.

The rigorous analytic description of the electrons dynamical multibeam diffraction in the crystal lattice was obtained by subsituting the expression for transparency function of the crystal lattice field to the Kirchhoff's diffraction integral.

The new mode of spin oscillations with the frequency hω=μH(k/k_c)² is obtained for the paramagnetic phase of compounds La_2-xSr_xCu0₄ and YBa₂Cu₃O_7-y in the external magnetic field H. This mode has analogy to helicon excitations in the magnetoactive plasma. The experimental method of detecting this new mode is proposed.