The article is devoted to experimental study of a connection possibility of the EDFA amplifier to the fiber-optical communication line in conditions of joint transfer of a pump radiation and information DWDM-signal on single-mode fiber segment of certain length. The technique of realization of experiment is developed, the research experimental installation is assembled. The range of lengths researched of single-mode segment (accordingly, range of allowable potencies of a pump source) is revealed, where the transfer quality of the communication line at a level {{transfers of a voice}} PE < 10^-6 and {{data transfer}} PE < 10^-9 is ensured. The researches for a monochromatic information radiation (λ = 1550 nm) and WDM-signal (λ = 1550 nm and λ = 1310 nm) are conducted. The variant of use of the developed method of length regenerate plot magnification of a network on a really maintained fiber-optical network Open Joint Stock Company <> and Open Joint Petroleum Company {{Bashneft}} is considered.

Growing of need for the passband of optical filament carries “explosive” nature, and guess its practically impossible. Technologies ATM, IP, PDH, SDH (STM-16/64) already do not cope with the disastrous growing of volumes sent information. This forces the developers of communications networks to search such deciding, have a significant spare on reception capacity and allow flexible to enlarge power network. The most perspective technology, which allows to create flexible furcated optical networks with practically unlimited possibilities of growing of passband, is a technology of wave multiplexing WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Introducing the new technologies presents more hard requirements, as to parameters to telecommunications, so and to separate its components.

This paper describes a methods of simulation of fiber optical communication line with Raman amplifiers. Proposed method allow to consider impact of nonlinear effects, dispersion effects, noise from double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). In paper scheme with forward pump Raman amplifier was analyzed and different types of fiber was used for simulation. Single and multichannel system was simulated. Estimation of transmission system performance was made by Q-factor.

The synchronization signal quality significance for want of to information transfer in synchronous telecommunications systems is shown. The existing mathematical models brief analysis of phase self-tuning systems and an error probability is indicated. The magnitude of a signal mismatch being in difference from known more full performance of a synchronization quality is offered to consideration. The mathematical expressions for bit error probability are obtained in view of a probable synchronization inaccuracy and gauss noise for two types of resolves.

On the modern stage of development of optical networks, introducing the new modern technologies (SDH, WDM and others) brings about increased requirements co all forming components of telecommunications. Important role, defining their quality and reliability, plays a network to pulsing synchronizing. Bad network to pulsing synchronizing brings about big values of phase flutter and driftage of phase that can cause problems of granting the services of relationship and even bring about packed stop of passing of traffic in telecommunications. They Herewith are on the one hand put problems of building to optimum network to pulsing synchronizing, with other-a development forming component with more qualitative features.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the fiber-optic ramified device consisting of two co-operating Fabry-Perot interferometers (DFPI). The transfer characteristics of DFPI were obtained by the methods of geometrical optics in the assumption of ideal design parameters. High efficiency of DFPI for networks applications and analog measuring devices were shown.

It is proposed the model for analysis of the damaged optical fiber reflectance dependence on cladding crack parameters. The model indicates that the contribution to the reflectance of a cracks is determined by its depth, radius and cross-section cracks number. Based on this model, the effects on reflectance are analyzed for cracks of various numbers, different depth and different radius. It is well known, that fatigue characteristics of a aged fiber are depended from cracks sizes. By this reason, based on representation model quantified analysis provides a solid base to establish the specifications of inspection criteria of optical fiber predict control by the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR).

The significance of perspective fiber-optical components on the base a properties transparent substance optically modification development is shown. The influence of a material strain with it optical properties are studied. The technique is indicated and the outcomes of an experimental research of a absorption spectrum are circumscribed is exemplar of a quartz glass used for manufacturing single-mode light-guides of the type SF. The research of a spectrum was conducted in a range 520-1850 nm with use lamp emitters. The difference of spectra deformed is obtained and not deformed is exemplar.

In the given work the decision of a problem of search of a refractive index profile for the optical fiber giving the best approximation to the set dispersive characteristic is considered. The mathematical model describing spectral dependence of a dispersion of an optical fiber with an arbitrary axially-symmetric refractive index profile, in which basis-a variational Gauss approximation method is submitted. The optimization algorithm for the profile, basing on the given model and using as criterion function the sum of squares of deviations from the set dispersion slope, is developed. Feature of algorithm-different steps of a grid of a refractive index profile on radius for variations on parameters of a profile and for calculations of a dispersion. Examples of realization of algorithm for flat and inverse dispersion slopes are shown.

Comparing analysis of guided mode excitation by fundamental mode injecting through the different types of singlemode fibers, coupled to conventional multimode fiber, is proposed. Multimode fiber excitation by singlemode laser source is represented in the form of splice of singlemode and multimode fibers. Mode power redistribution, depended on fiber type, fiber parameters and launch conditions, was researched. Following types of singlemode fibers were considered: usual step index fibers (USFs), dispersion shifted fibers (DSFs) and non-zero dispersion shifted fibers (NZDSFs). The overlap integrals method for calculating mode coupling coefficients at the splice of two optical fibers with mismatched parameters is applied. Modified Gaussian approximation for determination of waveguide parameters of spliced fibers with arbitrary index profile is used. Results of mode coupling parameters calculations at splice of mentioned types singlemode fibers and conventional multimode fibers are represented.

Methods for reflection coefficient calculation at the splice of optical fibers are considered. The spectral characteristics of reflection coefficient are calculated and plotted for some methods. Different methods on an exactitude and effectiveness are compared.

We propose a technique for calculating the color separation gratings aimed at separating plane light beams of different wavelengths into different diffraction orders. The technique is based on minimizing the difference between prism complex transmission functions and the complex amplitudes of beams generated for different wavelengths. We derived an analytical expression for the profile of a color separation grating that generalizes the familiar gratings onto the case of a more general wavelength relations. The technique is used to design diffractive optical elements (DOEs) intended to generate desired light beams at different wavelengths. The DOE intended to operate two wavelengths is designed using a nonlinear superposition of phase functions describing required transformation of input beams for two different wavelengths.

We consider an integral transform called a circular Radon transform (CRT) and being a generalization of the Radon transform for the integration performed along a definite circumference, instead of a straight line. The circumference radius is the transform parameter. The expressions of the CRT for some specific functions are derived. Relationships for deriving the pattern of shifted or scaled object are deduced. An optical scheme for the CRT implementation is given. Possibilities of applying CRT for digits recognition verified.

Information system determining the satellite navigation parameters on the base of landmark image processing is considered. The concept of the optoelectronic navigation is based on the onboard optical correlator application for real time matching of the Earth images and prerecorded images of landmarks with known coordinates. The system is suitable for the low-orbit Earth imaging missions with 3-axis attitude stabilization and can be used for backup landmark navigation, precision pointing of the imaging payload and for onboard georeferencing of the obtained images. Mathematical model of the optoelectronic landmark navigation is considered. Compact optics design, the software and hardware models of the joint transform optical correlator have been developed. Experimental results obtained by using the image processing system are represented. The effects of the current image distortions on correlator performance were investigated. In the series of simulated experiments the accuracy of images matching was estimated in presence of image distortions and noise typical for high resolution Earth observation mission. The possibility to obtain the sub-pixel accuracy of images matching in real conditions under noisy environment is shown.

This paper describes the images analysis method, based on a new nonparametric criterion for detection of change point of random fields and postanalysis of statistics. Peculiarity of the method is that it does not require apriori data on statistical properties of the textures. The objects to be detected on the images of earth's surface or ocean in a possible mathematical model are represented as relatively large homogeneous adjacent subareas (stochastic textures) with rather smooth boundaries. The analysis of such images can be made by successive methods for detection of change point and here the basis for detection of objects and their boundaries on the image is the difference of statistical properties of the object's textures. Algorithms for two-dimensional postanalysis of statistics are developed. Computer simulations with satellite images are also provided.

The paper presents a novel concept for autonomous opto-electronic navigation for satellites. The navigation method is based on the analysis of surface images in the camera field of view. Real-time performances are ensured by a high speed onboard optical image processor, which can provide robust image motion measurement by performing a full image correlation. The proposed navigation system offers determination of both position and attitude and, thereby, can be a basis for autonomy of satellite operations, which can be especially useful in planetary missions. The paper describes the working principles of the system, gives performance estimates for navigation and attitude accuracy for different planetary missions and considers system limitations. Estimated parameters of a possible realisation of the navigation system with currently available components are discussed.

The paper discusses the experience of creating a geoinformation technology for the use of AVHRR data with spatial resolution of 1.1 km for detection and evaluation of characteristics for fires the linear dimensions of which are by several orders lower than a pixel of image. The technology is based on the effective algorithm of detecting small area brightness anomalies, which in some statistical sense differe from the surrounding background. The process of making a decision on the presence or absence of a signal is based on the methods of the statistical estimation theory. The Neumann-Pirson criterion is used as the initial detection principle, which provides the detection with the constant frequency of false alarm. The evaluation of the area of the fire zone is carried out on the basis of complex interpretation of mathematical modeling results for the field of the image brightness, optimal evaluation of the signal amplitude and geodata. The developed information technology allows detecting fire zones the area of which is 10^-4 of the area of image pixel.

It is proposed the experience of the optical fiber type identification by advanced hot image analysis by equipment based on fusion splicer Ericcson FSU 975. Methods for hot image obtaining and their processing are considered. Practical recommendations on fiber type identification by hot image analysis are represented.

Optical time domain reflectometers (OTDRs) are universal measurement apparatus, that makes possible to locate, measure the attenuation and reflected signals. Nowadays OTDRs are the most common devices, used in the field of fibre optic networks maintenance. The error of the reflectance measurement is about ±2 db for the most OTDRs. However it is possible to use these devices for control of attenuation growth. But additional analysis of the conditions of reflecting signals detection is required. Such analysis will be described in the present paper.

Wide applying of the optical cable on networks allows to transmit data with great bit-rate and long distances. Bit-rate growing is concerned with many problems, have not been taken into account before. Continuous control of networks and information transmission quality is necessary to prevent and to solve mentioned problems.

The work represents the conceptual model of link objects and the corresponding system of parameters describing their state. Telecommunication information system design stages are investigated on the basis of the obtained model. TIS architecture suggested in the work brings about the concept of united telecommunication information space.

The main problem of the organization of distance learning for the specialists in the field of fiber-optical communication technology is the creation of new methods and technologies, which correspond the telecommunication medium links. It is necessary to mention that the trainees play an active role in the learning process, develop their capability for self-education on the basis of the wide use of different sets of tests. The cooperation of teachers and trainees underlies in the educational activities to achieve the maximum effect of the knowledge obtaining process. In the Volga State Telecommunications Academy distance learning is being actively introduced.