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Excitation of plasmons in a metal nanoparticle leads to localization of electromagnetic fields within the particle, which is expected to result in strong optical nonlinearities. We study ultrafast nonlinearities in optical scattering from single gold nanorods under resonant excitation at the plasmon frequency, and observe changes of as much as 20% in the scattering cross section over the 20-fs laser pulse duration. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of the ultrafast nonlinearity is the same as that due to heating of conduction electrons in the metal.
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Matthew Pelton, Mingzhao Liu, Sungnam Park, Norbert Scherer, Philippe Guyot-Sionnest, "Ultrafast optical nonlinearities of plasmons in single gold nanorods," Proc. SPIE 5927, Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties III, 59270Z (18 August 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.615443