We have developed a gel-type surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for the direct extraction of biomarkers from human skin and other sources. First, We used SERS-active sculptured Au nanoparticle substrates to explore how molecules move within hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) gels. This investigation aimed to understand the transport of biomarkers in gels and the feasibility of detecting them using SERS. Notably, the results revealed that HEC gels do not hinder SERS sensing. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient within the gels was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the biomarkers. Then, we fabricated SERS-active sculptured thin-film dispersion gels by creating multilayer structures on mica. These multilayer structures significantly improved SERS performance due to the light confinement effect. Subsequently, we dispersed milled flakes into the gel. The resulting SERS-active flake dispersion gel holds promise for biosensing applications. Specifically, it allows for the direct collection of body fluids, such as sweat, from human skin.
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