Introduction to Wavefront Sensors

Author(s): Joseph M. Geary

Published: 1995

https://doi.org/10.1117/3.179559

PDF ISBN: 9780819481009 | Print ISBN: 9780819417015

DESCRIPTION

This is a practical book on wavefront sensing. Emphasis is on principles and techniques, rather than detailed mathematical analysis of such systems. The goal is to provide the reader with a qualitative understanding of wavefront sensor operation.

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Front Matter

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CHAPTER 1.

The Nature of Wavefronts

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1.1 Introduction
1.2 Phasefronts
1.3 Interaction of Wavefronts with Optical Systems
1.4 Wavefront Description
1.5 Wavefronts in Fourier Optics
1.6 Wavefront Sensor
1.7 References
Appendix 1.1 Basic Geometrical Optics

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CHAPTER 2.

Parameters for Wavefront Sensor Measurement

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2.1 Introduction
2.2 Global Wavefront Tilt
2.3 Relation Between Exit Pupil Phase and Image
2.4 Basic Measurable Parameters
2.5 Physical Constraints on HEL WFS Operations
2.6 Beam Sampling
2.6.1 Grating Rhomb
2.6.2 Hole Plate
2.7 References

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CHAPTER 3.

Piston, Pointing, and Focus

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3.1 Introduction
3.2 Piston and Optical Phased Arrays
3.2.1 Interference Effects
3.2.2 PHASAR
3.2.3 PHASAR Wavefront Sensing
3.2.4 Polarization Effects
3.3 Wavefront Tilt Sensing
3.4 Wavefront Focus Sensing
3.4.1 Focus Coefficient
3.4.2 Foucault Knife Edge Test
3.4.3 Rudimentary Focus Sensor
3.4.4 Automated Knife Edge Wavefront Focus Sensor
3.5 Focus and Tilt Wavefront Sensor
3.6 References
Appendix 3.1 Axial Focus Shift

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CHAPTER 4.

Direct Wavefront Sensing: W(x,y)

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4.1 Introduction
4.2 Radial Shear Interferometry
4.3 Point Diffraction Interferometer
4.4 PDI Wavefront Sensor
4.5 Application of PDI-WFS on Hubble Recovery Program
4.6 IR PDI
4.7 Application of an IR PDI Wavefront Sensor on the Airborne Laser Lab
4.8 Large Integrated Telescope Experiment
4.9 References
Appendix 4.1 General Interference Equation

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CHAPTER 5.

Indirect Wavefront Measurement, Part I

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5.1 Introduction
5.2 Knife Edge
5.2.1 Shadow Boundary and Local Tilt
5.2.2 Knife Edge Wavefront Sensor
5.3 Lateral Shear Interferometry
5.3.1 Parallel Plate
5.3.2 Grating
5.4 Itek Cross Grating Sensor
5.5 Rotating Grating
5.6 Laser Wavefront Analyzer
5.7 References

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CHAPTER 6.

Indirect Wavefront Measurement, Part II

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6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basics of Hartmann Sensing
6.3 Parallel Hartmann Sensing
6.4 Shack-Hartmann Sensor (Lenslet Arrays)
6.5 Application of Shack-Hartmann on Hubble
6.6 Scanning Hartmann Sensor
6.7 Application of Scanning Hartmann Sensor
6.8 References

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CHAPTER 7.

Wavefront Sensor Characterization & Calibration

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7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Tests
7.3 The Fizeau Interferometer
7.4 Wavefront Sensor Evaluation: a Case History
7.4.1 Global Tilt Test
7.4.2 Local Tilt Test
7.4.3 Focus Test
7.4.4 Astigmatism Test
7.4.5 Repeatability
7.4.6 Evaluation Epilog
7.5 Ray Misidentification
7.6 Discussion
7.7 References

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CHAPTER 8.

Comparison of Wavefront Sensor Techniques

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8.1 Introduction
8.2 Aberration Generator
8.3 Calibration of the Aberration Generator
8.4 Summary of Results
8.4.1 Spherical Aberration
8.4.2 Astigmatism
8.5 Discussion
8.5.1 Scanning Knife Edge
8.5.2 Crossed Grating
8.5.3 Shack-Hartmann
8.5.4 PDI
8.5.5 Final Selection
8.6 Calibration of Auxiliary
8.7 References

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CHAPTER 9.

Wavefront Sensors and Adaptive Optics

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9.1 Introduction
9.2 Generic Wavefront Compensating System
9.3 Adaptive Optics on the Airborne Laser Lab
9.4 Real Time Atmospheric Compensation
9.5 Laser Beacons or Artificial Stars
9.6 HEL Local Loop Adaptive Optics
9.7 References

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CHAPTER 10.

Intensity-Based Wavefront Sensing

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10.1 Introduction
10.2 Axial Intensity
10.3 Curvature Sensor
10.4 Phase Retrieval
10.4.1 Phase Retrieval on the ALL Project
10.4.2 Phase Retrieval and Battlefield Environment
10.4.3 Phase Retrieval and Hubble
10.4.4 Experimental Validation of a Hubble Phase Retrieval Software Package
10.5 References

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Back Matter

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