Sebastiano Aiello, Fabrizio Ameli, Michel Andre, Annarita Margiotta, Giorgos Androulakis, Marco Anghinolfi, Gisela Anton, Antonio Marinelli, Miquel Ardid, Julien Aublin, Christos Markou, Christos Bagatelas, Giancarlo Barbarino, Gregory Martignac, Bruny Baret, Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Lilian Martin, Anastasios Belias, Meriem Bendahman, Juan Martínez-Mora, Edward Berbee, Ad van den Berg, Vincent Bertin, Vincent van Beveren, Agnese Martini, Simone Biagi, Andrea Biagioni, Matthias Bissinger, Fabio Marzaioli, Pascal Bos, Jihad Boumaaza, Safaa Mazzou, Simon Bourret, Mohammed Bouta, Rosa Mele, Karel Melis, Gilles Bouvet, Mieke Bouwhuis, Cristiano Bozza, Pasquale Migliozzi, Horea Brânzaş, Max Briel, Emilio Migneco, Marc Bruchner, Ronald Bruijn, Piotr Mijakowski, Jurgen Brunner, Ernst-Jan Buis, Luis Miranda, Raffaele Buompane, Jose Busto, Carlos Mollo, David Calvo, Antonio Capone, Mauro Morganti, Silvia Celli, Mohamed Chabab, Michael Moser, Nhan Chau, Silvio Cherubini, Abdelilah Moussa, Vitaliano Chiarella, Tommaso Chiarusi, Rasa Muller, Marco Circella, Rosanna Cocimano, Joao A. Coelho, Paolo Musico, Alexis Coleiro, Marta C. Molla, Mario Musumeci, Stephane Colonges, Rosa Coniglione, Lodewijk Nauta, Paschal Coyle, Alexandre Creusot, Sergio Navas, Giacomo Cuttone, Antonio D’Amico, Carlo Nicolau, Antonio D’Onofrio, Richard Dallier, Christine Nielsen, Mauro De Palma, Irene Di Palma, Brian Fearraigh, Antonio Díaz, Didac Diego-Tortosa, Mukharbek Organokov, Carla Distefano, Alba Domi, Angelo Orlando, Vasilis Panagopoulos, Roberto Donà, Corinne Donzaud, Damien Dornic, Manuel Dörr, Mora Durocher, Gogita Papalashvili, Thomas Eberl, Thijs van Eeden, Riccardo Papaleo, Imad El Bojaddaini, Hassnae Eljarrari, Cosimo Pastore, Dominik Elsaesser, Alexander Enzenhöfer, Gabriela Păvălaş, Paolo Fermani, Giovanna Ferrara, Giuliano Pellegrini, Miroslav Filipovic, Luigi A. Fusco, Deepak Gajanana, Tamas Gal, Carmelo Pellegrino, Alfonso Garcia Soto, Fabio Garufi, Lucio Gialanella, Mathieu Perrin-Terrin, Paolo Piattelli, Emidio Giorgio, Sara Gozzini, Rodrigo Gracia, Kay Graf, Camiel Pieterse, Dario Grasso, Timothee Grégoire, Giuseppe Grella, Daniel Guderian, Konstantinos Pikounis, Carlo Guidi, Steffen Hallmann, Hassane Hamdaoui, Ofelia Pisanti, Chiara Poirè, Hans van Haren, Aart Heijboer, Amar Hekalo, Georgia Polydefki, Vlad Popa, Universitat de València Hernández-Rey, Jannik Hofestädt, Feifei Huang, Maarten Post, Enrique Santiago, Giulia Illuminati, Thierry Pradier, Clancy James, Peter Jansweijer, Gerd Pühlhofer, Sara Pulvirenti, Martijn Jongen, Maartin de Jong, Paul de Jong, Liam Quinn, Matthias Kadler, Piotr Kalaczyński, Oleg Kalekin, Uli Katz, Fabrizio Raffaelli, Nafis Khan Chowdhury, Frits van der Knaap, Nunzio Randazzo, Antonio Rapicavoli, Els N. Koffeman, Paul Kooijman, Antoine Kouchner, Soebur Razzaque, Michael Kreter, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, Robert Lahmann, Giuseppina Larosa, Diego Real, Remy Le Breton, Francesco Leone, Stefan Reck, Emanuele Leonora, Giuseppe Levi, Jonas Reubelt, Massimiliano Lincetto, Miles Lindsey Clark, Alessandro Lonardo, Giorgio Riccobene, Marc Richer, Fabio Longhitano, Daniel Lopez-Coto, Louis Rigalleau, Giuliano Maggi, Jerzy Mańczak, Alberto Rovelli, Karl Mannheim, Annarita Margiotta, Ilenia Salvadori, Antonio Marinelli, Christos Markou, Dorothea F. Samtleben, Gregory Martignac, Lilian Martin, Juan Martínez-Mora, Agustin Sánchez Losa, Agnese Martini, Fabio Marzaioli, Matteo Sanguineti, Andrea Santangelo, Safaa Mazzou, Rosa Mele, Karel Melis, Domenico Santonocito, Pasquale Migliozzi, Emilio Migneco, Piera Sapienza, Piotr Mijakowski, Luis Miranda, Jan-Willem Schmelling, Carlos Mollo, Mauro Morganti, Jutta Schnabel, Michael Moser, Abdelilah Moussa, Rasa Muller, Virginia Sciacca, Paolo Musico, Mario Musumeci, Jordan Seneca, Lodewijk Nauta, Sergio Navas, Irene Sgura, Rezo Shanidze, Carlo Nicolau, Christine Nielsen, Brian Fearraigh, Mukharbek Organokov, Ankur Sharma, Angelo Orlando, Vasilis Panagopoulos, Francesco Simeone, Gogita Papalashvili, Riccardo Papaleo, Anna Sinopoulou, Cosimo Pastore, Gabriela Păvălaş, Giuliano Pellegrini, Bernardino Spisso, Carmelo Pellegrino, Mathieu Perrin-Terrin, Paolo Piattelli, Maurizio Spurio, Camiel Pieterse, Konstantinos Pikounis, Dimitris Stavropoulos, Ofelia Pisanti, Chiara Poirè, Jos Steijger, Simona Stellacci, Georgia Polydefki, Vlad Popa, Maarten Post, Bruno Strandberg, Thierry Pradier, Gerd Pühlhofer, Dominik Stransky, Sara Pulvirenti, Liam Quinn, Mauro Taiuti, Fabrizio Raffaelli, Nunzio Randazzo, Yahya Tayalati, Antonio Rapicavoli, Soebur Razzaque, Enrique Tenllado, Diego Real, Stefan Reck, Jonas Reubelt, Giorgio Riccobene, Tarak Thakore, Marc Richer, Louis Rigalleau, Paul Timmer, Alberto Rovelli, Ilenia Salvadori, Dorothea F. Samtleben, Agustin Sánchez Losa, Steven Tingay, Matteo Sanguineti, Andrea Santangelo, Ekaterini Tzamarias, Domenico Santonocito, Piera Sapienza, Dimitrios Tzanetatos, Jan-Willem Schmelling, Jutta Schnabel, Veronique Van Elewyck, Virginia Sciacca, Jordan Seneca, Federico Versari, Salvo Viola, Irene Sgura, Rezo Shanidze, Ankur Sharma, Daniele Vivolo, Francesco Simeone, Anna Sinopoulou, Gwenhael de Wasseige, Bernardino Spisso, Maurizio Spurio, Dimitris Stavropoulos, Jos Steijger, Jörn Wilms, Simona Stellacci, Bruno Strandberg, Rafał Wojaczyński, Dominik Stransky, Mauro Taiuti, Els de Wolf, Yahya Tayalati, Enrique Tenllado, Dmitry Zaborov, Tarak Thakore, Paul Timmer, Steven Tingay, Ekaterini Tzamarias, Angela Zegarelli, Dimitrios Tzanetatos, Veronique Van Elewyck, Juan Zornoza, Federico Versari, Salvo Viola, Juan Zúñiga, Daniele Vivolo, Gwenhael de Wasseige, Jörn Wilms, Rafał Wojaczyński, Els de Wolf, Dmitry Zaborov, Angela Zegarelli, Juan Zornoza, Juan Zúñiga
Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, Vol. 5, Issue 04, 046001, (December 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.5.4.046001
TOPICS: Electronics, Field programmable gate arrays, Clocks, Sensors, Logic, Data acquisition, Charged particle optics, Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, Telescopes, Acoustics
The KM3NeT research infrastructure being built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will host water-Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes will consist of large volume three-dimensional grids of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light from charged particles produced by neutrino-induced interactions. Each optical module houses 31 3-in. photomultiplier tubes, instrumentation for calibration of the photomultiplier signal and positioning of the optical module, and all associated electronics boards. By design, the total electrical power consumption of an optical module has been capped at seven Watts. We present an overview of the front-end and readout electronics system inside the optical module, which has been designed for a 1-ns synchronization between the clocks of all optical modules in the grid during a life time of at least 20 years.