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10 May 2016 Review on near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes as theranostic agents for tumor imaging, targeting, and photodynamic therapy
Changhong Shi, Jason B. Wu, Dongfeng Pan
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 21, Issue 5, 050901 (May 2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.21.5.050901
Abstract
A class of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine cyanine dyes that are taken up and accumulated specifically in cancer cells without chemical conjugation have recently emerged as promising tools for tumor imaging and targeting. In addition to their fluorescence and nuclear imaging-based tumor-imaging properties, these dyes can be developed as drug carriers to safely deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumors. They can also be used as effective agents for photodynamic therapy with remarkable tumoricidal activity via photodependent cytotoxic activity. The preferential uptake of dyes into cancer but not normal cells is co-operatively mediated by the prevailing activation of a group of organic anion-transporting polypeptides on cancer cell membranes, as well as tumor hypoxia and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. Such mechanistic explorations have greatly advanced the current application and future development of NIRF dyes and their derivatives as anticancer theranostic agents. This review summarizes current knowledge and emerging advances in NIRF dyes, including molecular characterization, photophysical properties, multimodal development and uptake mechanisms, and their growing potential for preclinical and clinical use.
© 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
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Changhong Shi, Jason B. Wu, and Dongfeng Pan "Review on near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes as theranostic agents for tumor imaging, targeting, and photodynamic therapy," Journal of Biomedical Optics 21(5), 050901 (10 May 2016). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.21.5.050901
Published: 10 May 2016
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Cited by 206 scholarly publications and 6 patents.
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KEYWORDS
Tumors
Cancer
Luminescence
Tumor growth modeling
Photodynamic therapy
Tissues
Hypoxia
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