An advanced nozzle, also known as ejector nozzle, suitable for a 500 W class COIL employing an active medium flow of nearly 12 gm/s has been developed and used instead of conventional slit nozzle. The nozzle has been tested in both cold as well as hot run conditions of COIL achieving a typical cavity pressure of nearly 10 torr, pitot pressure of ~ 85 torr and a cavity Mach number of ~2.5. The present study details the gas dynamic aspects and detailed numerical studies of this ejector nozzle and highlights its potential as a COIL pressure recovery device. This nozzle in conjunction with a diffuser is capable of achieving pressure recovery of ~ 60 torr, equivalent to the much cumbersome first stage of the pressure recovery system used in case of conventional slit nozzle based system. . Thus use of this nozzle in place of conventional slit nozzle can achieve the atmospheric discharge using single stage ejector system thereby making the pressure recovery system quite compact.
Singlet Oxygen Generator ( SOG ) with a novel approach has been designed and fabricated. Singlet oxygen is taken out of the SOG at an angle of 40° thus avoiding the carry over of droplets, which is one of the major drawbacks of horizontal system. The paper discusses various design parameters for such type of SOG. For flow rates of chlorine up to 22 mmol/sec, the chlorine utilization and singlet oxygen yield have been observed to be ~ 90% and ~64% respectively.
Various essential parameters like mass transfer coeff, volumetric flow rates etc. for a typical KW level COIL have been considered and the gas residence time and thus the size of the SOG has been estimated. The SOG based on this design has been fabricated and is under evaluation. The design of SOG and various other subsystems like nozzles, resonator and liquid nitrogen trap have been discussed in this paper. Further systematic studies have been carried out on the shelf life of basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) in the temperature range of -10°C to +10°C using titration technique. Studies indicate that the solution prepared at -10°C to -15°C and stored at this temperature, the decomposition starts only after 36-42 hours. However, at higher storage temperatures, the decomposition is faster.
A systematic study of the fabrication and characterization of planar optical waveguides in Z-LiNbO3, fabricated by the proton exchange technique using orthophosphoric acid is reported. The guides are fabricated by immersing lithium niobate substrates in orthophosphoric acid for different durations. The results are compared with those for guides fabricated using benzoic acid under similar conditions. The data are analyzed to calculate the value of the diffusion coefficients. The surface index and the depth produced using the orthophosphoric acid proton exchange process is marginally higher.
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