The fundamental opto-electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials can be tailored based on their nanoscale charge environment. Charge transfer at the interface of two atomically-thin layers offers a route to nanoscale charge modulation at the smallest possible length scales. In our study, we exploit this behavior to achieve nanoscale control of charge-transfer plasmon-polaritons (CPPs) and phonon-polaritons (PhPs) in graphene/α-RuCl3 and hBN/α-RuCl3 heterostructures, respectively. Using infrared near-field optical microscopy, we directly observe CPPs and PhPs, revealing emergent charge doping and optical conductivity at these novel 2D interfaces. Our results validate charge-transfer interfaces as tunable platforms for confined light.
2D materials offer a wide range of perspectives for hosting highly localized 0D states, e.g. vacancy defects, that offer great potential for integrated quantum photonic applications. Here, we create individual defects that act as our single-photon emitters by highly local He-ion irradiation in a monolayer MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure. The defects show anti-bunched light emission at a characteristic energy of ~ 1.75 eV. The emission is highly homogeneous and background free due to the hBN encapsulation with a creation yield of > 70%. Spectroscopic investigation of individual single-photon emitters reveals a strongly asymmetric line shape resembling interaction with acoustic phonons in excellent agreement with an independent boson model. Moreover, emitters are spatially integrated and electrically controlled in field-switchable van der Waals devices. Our work firmly establishes 2D materials as a highly scalable material platform for integrated quantum photonics.
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