The influence of the position and the length of the Bragg grating written into conventional 2×2 fused couplers on its spectral response is numerically investigated and analyzed. It is possible to realize optical add and drop multiplexers with conventional fused couplers as well as with photosensitive couplers, and there is an optimized position and appropriate length of grating to obtain high reflectivity from drop port. In order to improve the characteristics of the component, a nonlinear chirped grating is proposed to be written into the coupler. According to the parameters in simulation, component with larger than 10dB reflectivity and bandwidth >1nm is obtained by inscribing a uniform Bragg grating in fusion region of the 3dB coupler experimentally.
Insertion loss characteristics of sampled fiber Bragg gratings were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The experiment results show that the LPG effect greatly influences the characteristics of insertion loss at the Bragg reflection wavelength when the LPG effect caused loss peak is coincide with the Bragg wavelength. This phenomenon will be obvious in the case of high duty-cycle of sampled fiber Bragg grating, for example, more than 1:9. Bending the SFBG will move the LPG-like loss peak and will then change the loss of SFBG reflection band. In experiment a reduction from 6.08dB to 2.56dB was obtained under a bend radius 17mm in a typical SFBG with duty-cycle 1:9.
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