Photonic-crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) exhibit several unique features compared to conventional vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) including scalability, high power, and high beam quality. They are promising candidates in power-demanding applications such as free-space sensing. Motivated by the experimental advances, there have been significant efforts in developing the simulation tools for PCSELs. In particular, a coupled mode theory (CWT) model for PCSEL was developed, which provides important insights into the operating mechanisms. However, CWT makes several uncontrolled approximations such as a small number of waveguide modes as the basis, which is difficult to justify since the index contrast in PCSELs can be quite large.
Here we show that PCSELs, especially its lasing threshold, can be simulated from first-principles by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). Traditionally, RCWA has been widely used to simulate the transmission or reflection of such structures, where the frequency is real. Here, we use RCWA to calculate the scattering matrix (S-matrix) of PCSELs on the complex frequency plane. This approach builds upon the concepts from steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT). On the complex frequency plane, the poles of the S-matrix correspond to various resonances of the structure, including Fabry-Pérot resonances and the guided resonances. We gradually increase the material gain in the PCSEL, and the threshold is retrieved as the gain value for which the first pole crosses the real axis. Other important characteristics such as the quality factor of each mode and the power efficiency of the laser can be computed as well.
We report here an optically pumped deep UV edge emitting laser with AlGaN MQWs active region grown on AlN substrate by low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-OMVPE) in a high-temperature reactor. The 21- period Al0.53Ga0.47N/Al0.7Ga0.3N MQWs laser structure was optically pumped using 193 nm deep UV Excimer laser source. A laser peak was achieved from the cleaved facets at 280.3 nm with linewidth of 0.08 nm at room temperature with threshold power density of 320 kW/cm2. The emission is predominantly TE polarized with a polarization suppression ratio of 24 dB. The side mode suppression ration (SMSR) is measured to be around 14 dB at 465 kW/cm2.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.