The study of the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric aerosol in the Arctic zone is of great importance for the pyrogenic carbon sources identification. Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected in the Arctic at the research station Ice Base Cape Baranov (the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago) from April 2018 to November 2019 and at Barentsburg (the Svalbard archipelago) from December 2018 to July 2019 and from November 2019 to February 2020. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C value) was determined in aerosol samples to identify the sources of carbonaceous aerosols. For Ice Base Cape Baranov the average δ13C value (–27.5±0.5%) of total carbon of the winter (2018-2019) aerosols lower than the average δ13C value (–26.8±0.8%) of the spring-summer (2019) aerosols. The average δ13С values of the atmospheric aerosols in Barentsburg showed that the δ13С value was –26.9‰ in winter, the δ13С value was –26.3‰ and – 26.1‰ in spring and summer, respectively. The increased δ13C values in spring and summer (2019) at the Ice Base Cape Baranov can likely be explained by the input of soot aerosol, the source of which is boreal forest fires at the Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Sakha. According to the backward trajectories of the air masses, the transfer of soot particles to Barentsburg was carried out from Europe, North America and over the Arctic Ocean, and to the Severnaya Zemlya from the continental part of Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Sakha.
We discuss the measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere and aerosol (NA) and black carbon (MBC) concentrations in 2018-2019 at two Arctic stations: Barentsburg (Archipelago Spitsbergen) and “Cape Baranov” (Archipelago Severnaya Zemlya). The average aerosol characteristics at “Cape Baranov” had been: AOD (0.5 μm) = 0.11, NA= 5.24 cm-3, MBC = 47 ng/m3 in 2019; and AOD (0.5 μm) = 0.07, MBC= 68 ng/m3 in 2018. The aerosol characteristics in Barentsburg, on the average, have larger values: AOD (0.5 μm) = 0.12, NA= 6.09 cm-3, MBC = 91 ng/m3 in 2019; and AOD (0.5 μm) = 0.087, NA = 6.54 cm-3, MBC= 109 ng/m3 in 2018.
Results of measurements of optical and microphysical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol at the Mys Baranova ice base in 2018 are analyzed. Peculiarities of monthly average variability of aerosol characteristics are considered. The data are compared with the analogous (in particular, many-year) data obtained at the Barentsburg polar station and the midlatitudinal Fonovaya Observatory. The impact of transported smokes on the measured parameters is demonstrated.
The radiation effects of aerosol in clear sky under continental aerosol (Meteorological Observatory of MSU (Russia), Lindenberg Observatory (Germany)), over semi-desert areas (Israel) and Arctic district at the Tiksi International Hydrometeorological (Russia) observatory were estimated using the mesoscale COSMO-Ru model. The effect of aerosol on the surface air temperature is also was investigated. For the present study we use the aerosol dataset from CIMEL (AERONET) sun photometer measurements and the data of shortwave radiation components based on reliable instruments Kipp&Zonen. The application of the new MACv2 climatology radiation model provides the annual average relative error of the total global radiation which does not exceed 25 W/m2. We suggest that in clear sky conditions the sensitivity of air temperature at 2 meters to aerosol in all considered geographical areas lie within 0.9°C per 100 W/m2 change in shortwave net radiation changes.
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