Based on post-processing of measurements of vertical profiles of the wind velocity vector with an AV4000 minisodar in the boundary layer of the atmosphere at altitudes of 5–200 m, the thin structure of diurnal variations of a change of wind direction with altitude, that is, of the vertical wind veer, has been analyzed. The vertical wind veer, caused by many factors, including the advection force, the friction force, the Coriolis force, and the pressure gradient, is an important characteristic, because it is required to construct atmospheric models and to estimate the wind energy, pollution transport, and fatigue loading on high-rise buildings, bridges, and wind turbines. In the present work, the diurnal behavior of the angle of tuning of the horizontal wind velocity is analyzed with the vertical resolution Δz = 5 m and 10-minute time averaging.
Results of statistical analysis of eight-day spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy flux density vector (the Umov vector) obtained by post-processing of AV400 minisodar measurements of the wind velocity vector components and their variances in the boundary layer of the atmosphere at altitudes from 5 to 200 m are presented. It has been shown that the magnitude of the total Umov vector, including its mean and turbulent components, is low in the surface layer of the atmosphere at altitudes up to 50 m. From 50 to 100 m, it increases, at altitudes above 100 m, the rate of it growth intensifies, and its largest values are observed at altitudes of 150–200 m. However, at any time, the maximum magnitude of the total Umov vector was observed at altitudes of 100–200 m that are most dangerous for flight of light unmanned aerial vehicles. During 8-day observations, the maximum values of the Umov vector were observed in the morning and evening hours.
In the report, the diurnal hourly dynamics of the mean and turbulent components of the kinetic energy flux density vector (the Umov vector) retrieved from minisodar measurements of the 3D wind vector and its 3D variance in the lower 200-meter layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. The results of this analysis can be used to elucidate time periods and altitude ranges of the maximal and minimal values of the Umov vector components as well as the prevailing directions of the total kinetic energy transfer, that is, to detect times and altitudes most and least favorable for flights of unmanned aerial vehicles, to estimate the effect of wind on high-rise buildings and bridges, and to predict the wind energy potential of wind turbines.
In the present work, the kinetic energy of wind outliers taken to mean wind velocity values exceeding a preset value and including wind gusts are compared with the mean wind kinetic energy component retrieved from minisodar measurements using the robust parametric algorithm proposed by the authors. Allowance for the contribution of the wind outliers in the parametric estimates of the wind kinetic energy enables its fine structure to be determined and its effect on light flying objects, high-rise buildings, bridges to be estimated and the energy potentials of wind turbines to be evaluated.
Based on the semiparametric and semi-nonparametric algorithms developed by the authors, the kinetic energies of outliers and ordered air motion are estimated by post-processing of minisodar measurements of 3D wind vector and its 3D variance in the lower 200-meter layer of the atmosphere. A nonmonotonic increase in the kinetic energy of the outliers with sounding altitude is established, which can be explained by the nonmonotonic increase of the turbulent kinetic energy of local atmospheric vortices.
The spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer is analyzed in the present work, including the mean kinetic energy component and the ratio of the turbulent to mean kinetic energy components, retrieved by post-processing of long time series of vertical profiles of both average values and variances of the 3D wind vector measured with a minisodar. It can be used to analyze and to predict the dynamics of the wind effect on flying objects in the atmospheric boundary layer.
In the present report, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the total kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer at altitudes 5–200 m retrieved by postprocessing of time series of altitude profiles of the average wind vector components and their variances measured with an AV4000 minisodar is analyzed.
Diurnal variations of the kinetic energy density of the ordered (with the average wind velocity) and turbulent motions of air masses are retrieved from the data of acoustic sounding of the average profiles and variances of wind velocity components in a 200-meter layer of the lower atmosphere. Spatiotemporal variations of the kinetic energy of turbulent and ordered motions are analyzed. Analysis of the vertical profiles of the kinetic energy components shows that in the lower layer of the atmosphere to altitudes of 25–50 m their values are small and their spread is low; they are increased with altitude. The turbulent component of the kinetic energy considerably exceeds the kinetic energy of the ordered motion, they both increase with altitude, and their diurnal behavior is characterized by the presence of several minima and maxima whose occurrence and amplitudes depend on the meteorological conditions during measurements, the presence and the characteristics of cloudiness, and the solar radiation intensity. The maximal values of the kinetic energy components are observed at midnight.
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