The results of mathematical and software development for experimental studies of the surface atmospheric turbulence structure are presented. High-frequency measurements of ultrasonic thermoanemometer are used as data. Data processing and calculation of atmospheric turbulence parameters were carried out according to the schemes of sampling and scaling of meteorological parameters under study using semi-empirical methods of describing heat, moisture, amount of motion in the surface layer and Monin-Obukhov's theory of similarity. The calculated prognostic values of parameters are sufficient to estimate the dynamic regime of turbulence in the surface layer of the atmosphere, including estimates of the possibility of temperature inversion formation in the atmosphere and determination of the stability class of atmospheric stratification.
The description of the developed automatic weather station for the Arctic region is presented. The station provides information to the remote user measured data such as three-component vector of wind velocity, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation parameters, solar radiation intensity, snow cover depth, and soil temperature profile (including ground surface temperature). The solution to this problem is possible only through the use of automated systems that can data acquisition, process and transmit meteorological information to a remote user in an automatic mode without human intervention.
The new hardware-software ultrasonic complex AMK-03-4 to measure the characteristics of turbulent meteorological fields is created. In contrast to similar measuring instruments, the complex consists of four identical ultrasonic anemometers. The design of a complex allows not only to register the turbulent characteristics, but also statistical characteristics of spatial derivative turbulent pulsations of temperature and an orthogonal wind speed components along each of axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. It allows to investigate spatial-temporary structure of turbulent meteorological fields of a surface layer of the atmosphere for the subsequent applications in similarity theory. Besides, the standard algorithm of calculation of structural characteristics of fluctuations of temperature and wind speed applying in ultrasonic anemometers is improved that allowed to lower errors of their measurement considerably.
In ultrasonic equipment (anemometers and thermometers) for measurements of parameters of atmospheric turbulence usually use the standard algorithm of calculation of parameters from the temporary structural functions constructed on the registered data. Kolmogorov-Obukhov's law is the cornerstone of the algorithm. As shows experience of use of ultrasonic measuring instruments, such approach can lead to considerable errors. Therefore, a more advanced algorithm for calculating parameters is proposed, which makes it possible to more accurately estimate the structural characteristics of turbulent fluctuations with an error of not worse than 10%.
The article describes a software system intended for supporting scientific researches of the atmosphere during the processing of data gathered by multi-level ultrasonic complexes for automated monitoring of meteorological and turbulent parameters in the ground layer of the atmosphere. The system allows to process files containing data sets of temperature instantaneous values, three orthogonal components of wind speed, humidity and pressure. The processing task execution is done in multiple stages. During the first stage, the system executes researcher’s query for meteorological parameters. At the second stage, the system computes series of standard statistical meteorological field properties, such as averages, dispersion, standard deviation, asymmetry coefficients, excess, correlation etc. The third stage is necessary to prepare for computing the parameters of atmospheric turbulence. The computation results are displayed to user and stored at hard drive.
The multilevel ultrasonic complexes created in IMCES SB RAS for automatic monitoring of meteorological and turbulent parameters in the ground atmosphere are described in this article. The results of measurements which demonstrate their opportunities for scientific research of the atmosphere are given in this article as well.
The methodology of the analysis of the temperature and wind stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer based on multilevel ultrasonic measurements is discussed. The equations for the calculations of the temperature and wind speed profiles from measurement data are presented.
KEYWORDS: Meteorology, Ultrasonics, Data processing, Temperature metrology, Statistical analysis, Data acquisition, Environmental sensing, Humidity, Correlation function, Directed energy weapons
Numerical estimates and analysis are presented of correlations within surface layer for averaged (over periods from 1 to 20 minutes) values of meteorological parameters obtained as a result of measurement data processing. The measurement data are acquired form information-measuring system which includes several spatially separated automated ultrasonic weather stations located in Tomsk suburbs.
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