A method for development of gratings for effective excitation of surface plasmonic waves using holography principles has been proposed and theoretically analyzed. The case of excitation of a plasmonic wave in a dielectric layer on metal using volume holograms in the dielectric layer has been considered. For comparison, simple periodic gratings with refractive index of the dielectric layer modulated in the plane of the layer and invariable in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane have been considered. The efficiencies of the proposed holograms and gratings optimized for various incidence angles of exciting waves incident on the gratings/holograms from air have been analyzed. Based on this analysis, general enough conditions when holograms can be more efficient than simple gratings have been found out. In particular, a hologram is expected to be more efficient than the grating when the refractive index distribution in the hologram is considerably inhomogeneous (contrary to the gratings) in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane. For example, this may be the case if the exciting wave is incident on a hologram obliquely at a rather large angle or if phase fronts of either exciting wave or a wave being excited are curved. The proposed holographic method is quite universal. As expected, this can be extended for efficient excitation of different types of optical surface waves and modes of optical waveguides.
During last 20 years, great results in metamaterials and plasmonic nanostructures fabrication were obtained. However,
large ohmic losses in metals and mass production compatibility still represent the most serious challenge that obstruct
progress in the fields of metamaterials and plasmonics. Many recent research are primarily focused on developing
low-loss alternative materials, such as nitrides, II–VI semiconductor oxides, high-doped semiconductors, or
two-dimensional materials. In this work, we demonstrate that our perfectly fabricated silver films can be an effective
low-loss material system, as theoretically well-known. We present a fabrication technology of plasmonic and
metamaterial nanodevices on transparent (quartz, mica) and non-transparent (silicon) substrates by means of e-beam
lithography and ICP dry etch instead of a commonly-used focused ion beam (FIB) technology. We eliminate negative
influence of litho-etch steps on silver films quality and fabricate square millimeter area devices with different topologies
and perfect sub-100 nm dimensions reproducibility. Our silver non-damage fabrication scheme is tested on trial
manufacture of spasers, plasmonic sensors and waveguides, metasurfaces, etc. These results can be used as a flexible
device manufacture platform for a broad range of practical applications in optoelectronics, communications,
photovoltaics and biotechnology.
A one-dimensional photonic crystal with termination by a noble metal film–a plasmonic photonic-crystal slab–has been
theoretically analyzed for its optical response at a variation of the dielectric permittivity of an analyte and at a condition
simulating the molecular binding event. We investigate sensing performance by the slab and show that it is tolerant to
the variation of probing conditions and the slab's structural parameters. As a consequence, the considered sensor
exhibited an enhanced sensitivity and a good robustness in comparison with conventional surface-plasmon and Bloch
surface wave sensors.
The light transmission through metallic films with different types of nano-structures was studied both theoretically
and experimentally. It is shown, analytically, numerically and experimentally, that the positions of the
surface plasmon resonances depend on the nano-structural details. Those can be changed from sample to sample
or in given sample by applying an external dc electric or magnetic field. The dependence of transmission spectrum
on the shape of holes (inclusions) and external fields can be used for manipulation of the light transmission,
as well as the polarization of the transmitted light and other optical properties, by external field. Two complementary
situations are considered: a metal film with dielectric holes and a dielectric film with metallic islands.
In the case of metallic islands, we propose two ways of controlling plasmon resonance frequency: changing the
aspect ratio of the elliptical (or rectangular) islands and changing their mutual distances. For this case a new
analytical asymptotic approach for calculating the optical properties of such plasmonic systems is developed.
The results of our analytical and numerical studies are in good qualitative agreement with experiment.
Is shown that the fulfillment of long-wavelength approximation does not guarantee correct introduction of the effective constitutive parameters and for one-dimensional heterogeneous system if one tries to take into account effects of spatial dispersion (retardation on an elementary layer). Is shown that though in one-dimensional periodic medium the effective wavenumber tends to the well-known Rytov's value as the sample thickness tends to infinity whereas the effective characteristic impedance does not tend to any limit at all, exhibiting periodical behavior. This results in strong dependence of the effective constitutive parameters on sample thickness. The deviation of the finite sample values from Rytov's values may achieve 100 percent even in the long-wavelength limit.
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