Two methods for correction of integrated optical circuits on lithium niobate via laser micro-trimming are proposed. The first method induces changes in the refractive index in waveguides, the second method causes and affects losses in them. The influence of both methods on waveguide elements of integrated intensity modulators is experimentally studied. Increases in the modulators extinction ratio by 17 dB (from 30 to 47 dB) for the first method and by 12 dB (from 28 to 40 dB) for the second method are obtained.
A method for increasing the extinction ratio of integrated optical Mach-Zehnder modulators based on LiNbO3 via the photorefractive effect is proposed. The influence of the photorefractive effect on the X- and Y-splitters of intensity modulators is experimentally studied. An increase in the modulator extinction ratio by 17 dB (from 30 to 47 dB) is obtained. It is shown that fabricated modulators with a high extinction ratio are important for quantum key distribution systems.
A novel integrated optical device based on electrooptical control of Bragg gratings has been developed and fabricated.
The device provides a possibility of a versatile control of the grating spectral transfer function and can be used as a
dynamically recofigurable spectral encoder/decoder for OCDMA networks. Electrooptical control of the device ensures a
high speed of dynamic reconfiguration (switching between codes) that can be used not only for the multiplexing of
different channels in a network but for modulation of optical signals in the channels with information content and for
development of new modulation formats.
KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Modulators, Modulation, Integrated optics, Frequency shift keying, Frequency modulation, Refractive index, Waveguides, Electro optics, Control systems
A novel integrated optical modulator based on electrooptical control of Bragg gratings has been developed and
fabricated. The modulator can provide both the shift of the central wavelength and the change of a shape of the spectral
response of Bragg gratings. The frequency modulation (FSK) of optical signals with frequency deviation of 25 GHz was
experimentally demonstrated using this modulator. It is suggested not only central wavelength, but the optical spectrum
shape can be used for modulation of optical signals with information content. A novel type of optical modulators will
provide addition flexibility and possibility of using FSK formats in combination with optical spectral code division multi
access (OCDMA) and gives an opportunity of new network architectures with simple optical processing on the level of
addressing and routing.
Three types of tunable and reconfigurable holographic filters based on photorefractive crystals were experimentally demonstrated. The filters exhibit an extremely narrow bandwidth (better than 0.1 nm) and allow reconfiguration or switching in a broad range of wavelengths and precise frequency trimming.
The theoretical and experimental investigations of electric field selectivity of reflection volume holograms in the geometry of the transverse electrooptic effect in LiNbO3 are presented. The optimal configuration for the electric field selectivity has been found. The factors limiting electric field multiplexing have been analyzed.
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