On the basis of three expeditions’ data obtained using optical observation methods, the total suspended matter (TSM) concentration field structure regularities are considered depending on water column stratification at the site of waste water discharge of the Herakleian Peninsula southern coast region. It was revealed, that TSM field is extremely inhomogeneous in the studying area; its distribution is largely determined by the background density stratification. On the sea surface, against the background with low natural TSM concentrations, the individual TSM content spots of ten times higher concentration than the surrounding background were observed. It is shown that anthropogenic suspension spreads to a distances of 0.5-1.5 miles from the release site. The known sewages’ distribution regularities from the deepsea outlets, determined by the water column stratification, are confirmed.
A new spectral backscattering meter is presented, the accuracy characteristics and the relationship between the medium parameters are estimated. It is shown, that backscattering spectral meter «BSS-K» application as a part of the «Kondor» biophysical complex, that includes the background water environment parameters (temperature, hydrostatic pressure and electrical conductivity (calculated salinity)); turbidity (the calculated TSM concentration parameter); the modules of TSM disperse composition and water environment dynamics (the currents’ speed and direction) as well as photosynthetically active radiation makes it possible to calculate the required corrections instrumentally, taking into account the changes in the influencing parameters of water ecosystem, as well as to obtain the complex interconnected informative data for a comprehensive analysis of water environment.
Based on data of several oceanographic surveys and coastal observations, the structure and temporal variability regularities in colored dissolved organic matter (fDOM) field concentration in the waters of the Abram Bay (Crimea) in the dry summer season of 2020 were revealed. It is shown that the rains and storm runoff are the most significant factors causing the anthropogenic fDOM accumulation in the bay. The main factor contributing the investigated substance of anthropogenic nature minimum content is upwelling, which was observed in July 2019 and 2020. It was revealed that, under the typical summer season conditions, the fDOM field was relatively stable.
On the base of complex expedition data, information about the water circulation, its nature and local features, its role in the thermohaline, total suspended and dissolved organic matter waters’ structure distribution formation, in alongshore flow and coastal Ekman upwelling formation was obtained. The sources of their supply were identified, the factors determining their following distribution and sedimentation were evaluated.
Despite the fact that spontaneous and stimulated bioluminescence in marine and oceanic environment is a well-known phenomenon, the nature of bioluminescence and environmental factors that determine it have not been adequately studied. The main sources of bioluminescence in marine and oceanic environment include phytoplankton dinoflagellates, zooplankton copepods and bacteria. Bioluminescence is an important tool for the functional state of planktonic ecosystems assessing as an indicator of bioproductivity (plankton biomass) and toxicity of aquatic environment characterizing criteria. The multiparameter biophysical complex creation, that combines bioluminescence, chlorophyll-a concentration by the fluorescence method, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic matter (fDOM) in combination with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and background hydrological parameters’ of aquatic environment (STD) measurement, will be useful for direct bioluminescence intensity measurement, plankton distribution patterns and bioluminescence quantum yield from natural environmental factors’ conditionality studying.
An algorithm for penetration depth and vertically suspended matter concentration estimating is presented that takes into account its vertical distribution.
A differential prism refractive index meter (refractometer) is presented. Accuracy characteristics and relation between the medium parameters are estimated.
A new fluorescence meter for dissolved oil in water environment measurement is presented. An error components are considered. Results of measurements in the surface layer of Sevastopol Bay (Crimea) are performed.
Manifestation of the bottom gas hydrates' deposits decomposition in the fields of hydrooptical and hydrological characteristics is considered. The informative hydrooptical parameters, which most fully describe the methane in various phase states presence and their stability, are determined.
Total suspended and dissolved organic matters' distribution in the Kerch strait as well as the factors they are formed by are considered. It is revealed that water circulation is caused by the wind regime and surges influence, the meridional winds are the most significant ones that determine the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov water masses transportation. The pollution sources’ location for the Kerch strait waters determine the hydrooptical fields' formation and their transformation.
A new device of total suspended matter dispersed composition for natural waters' in-situ studying, based on laser diffraction method is described. The issues of application in natural environment and device calibration are considered. Results of total suspended matter dispersed composition vertical distribution and density gradients' role during its formation are presented.
Results of complex Balaklava Bay waters' (the Black Sea) investigations received by using the multiparametric optical and biophysical complex "Kondor" are presented. Information on total suspended and dissolved organic matter fields' structure is received. A new method of dissolved oil products content determining is proposed, results of data comparing with the direct analytical method are presented, measuring error is estimated.
Results of complex oceanographic investigations of northwestern part of the Black Sea in the early autumn period are presented. On the basis of hydrooptical characteristics' measurements the data on total suspended and dissolved organic matters spatial distribution, as well as Danube and Dniester rivers' estuary zones thermohaline structure, was obtained. The factors that determine bio-optical characteristics' of aquatic environment distribution, taking into account the wind direction and currents system, are estimated.
The results of studying the natural fouling of flat quartz glasses, as well as fouling on the beam attenuation coefficient (BAC) meters’ flat surfaces of objective lens and triple-prism are presented, using the method of spectrophotometry under the same conditions during the plant cover formation. The method based of the obtained empirical data is proposed for registration the biofouling contribution.
A new device for water environment transparency measuring is presented. The measurement errors connected with biofouling are estimated under experiment results. Characteristics’ accuracy and relations between TSM units are presented.
Spectrophotometric and fluorescent measuring channels of dissolved organic matter chromophore fraction are presented. Accuracy characteristics and relations between the units are estimated.
A new set of two optical spectral probes developed to measue content of organic and inorganic constituencies suspended and dissolved in natural water is proposed. The set is capable to measure spectral attenuation and absorption coefficients of light, total amounts of organic and terrigenic hydrosoles suspended in water, and amount of organic matter dissolved in natural water. It can be used to monitor water quality and measure optically active ingredients in oceans, lakes and other natural water basins.
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