Holography enables 3D visualization of scattered optical fields recorded from three dimensional (3D) objects. This has led to dedicated research efforts towards developments of holographic displays utilizing holographic imaging techniques. The fundamental drawback of holography is that real objects must be used to capture holograms, despite the fact that it is a generic approach for reconstructing 3D information. One of the most promising technologies for addressing this issue is holographic printing which is also able to synthesize combined real 3D and virtual objects. These printers are capable of producing holograms that can replicate all physiological depth signals of actual objects. Reconstructed images are therefore exceedingly realistic and avoid the accommodation-convergence dilemma that other 3-D display methods, such as stereoscopic displays have. Inside a light-sensitive material, reference and signal beams are utilized to create interference, but the recording is local and the procedure is a point-to-point recording of the overall interference pattern. Researchers have contributed in development of different optical schemes for holographic wavefront printers. In this study, we examine the different optical schemes that are adopted for development of holographic wavefront printer and compare their performance. The impact of different optical configurations on the quality of reconstructed images is analyzed in optical design simulation platform and experimental researches. In order to evaluate the performance of a particular set-up, we determine the structure similarity index measure (SSIM), viewing angle of reconstructed image, and diffraction efficiency of the recorded hologram. Experimental and simulated findings are studied and presented.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical fiber-based Fabry-Perot (FP) sensor for acetone vapor sensing. The FP cavity is formed with Polystyrene (PS) deposited at the end facet of a cleaved fiber. The interference spectrum is generated due to reflections from the fiber-polystyrene and polystyrene-air interfaces. The sensing mechanism of the sensor relies on the change in optical path length due to the interaction of acetone with the sensing cavity which ultimately changes the phase-matching condition of interference. Pronounced change in the interferometer spectral response is observed with respect to the change in concentration of acetone vapor. The developed sensor can be used in the application of breath VOC monitoring.
Microorganisms, cells and thin tissue sections are transparent and not visible to view in ordinary microscope. Techniques
such as phase contrast and Normarski/Differential interference contrast microscopy transform the phase variation
information into intensity distribution to reveal the details of internal structures. Similarly fluorescence microscope uses
intrinsic or extrinsic chromophores to reveal specific and hidden details. Advances achieved in recent years have greatly
improved the versatility of microscopes to obtain more insightful information about different physiological functions that
occur at cellular level. Understanding the cell response, involving both structural and functional changes within the cell,
dictates ability to image cell structure and function at the same time. We report a novel optical Fourier phase contrast
multimodal optical microscopy technique for real time display of phase and fluorescence features of biological
specimens at the same time. It combines the principles of (a) Fourier phase contrast microscopy which exploits
monochromaticity, intensity and phase coherence of the laser beam via optical Fourier transform and photoinduced
birefringence of dye doped liquid crystal for phase contrast imaging, and (b) common-path multimodal optical
microscopy for co-registered imaging of phase and fluorescence features of biological specimens in real time using a
single optical path, single light source, and single camera with no requirement of image registration. Further the
instrument also enables co-registered imaging of fluorescence and spatial filtering facilitating simultaneous display of
structural and functional information. This comprehensive microscope has the capability of simultaneously providing
both structural and functional information in a streamlined simplified design and may find applications in high-throughput
screening and automated microscopy.
We propose a new approach of in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with the capability of enhancing the
hologram acquisition rate together with improved reconstruction capability. The method is based on the recording of two
interferograms of the same object at slightly different planes. The technique utilizes the full spatial bandwidth of the
camera and do not require phase-shifting of the reference beam. Furthermore, we exploit the method of subtraction of
average intensity of the entire hologram to suppress the zero-order diffracted wave. The twin image is eliminated by
Fourier domain processing of the two recorded holograms. Experimental results of both amplitude and phase objects
demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Since the two interferograms can be recorded simultaneously by using two
CCD or CMOS sensors, this new in-line DHM technique has the potential applications in biomedical research for the
visualization of rapid dynamic processes at cellular level.
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