A compact silicon-based four-port coarse wavelength-division multiplexer (CWDM) with a footprint of 200×200 μm2 and an insertion loss of ~2dB is demonstrated. This configuration can support each laser power of over 100mW without inducing silicon nonlinear effects. The design eliminates the need for interference in multiplexing different wavelength channels, resulting in significant fabrication tolerance and eliminating the requirement for phase shifters. The crucial components, such as power splitters/combiners and crossings, are designed and optimized using genetic-algorithm-based deep neural network (GDNN) inverse design methodologies to achieve minimal loss and broad bandwidth.
We present an equivalent circuit model for a silicon microring modulator (MRM), aiming to accurately describe its behavior in high-speed modulation. The model consists of two parts: the first part accounts for electrical parasitics arising from PN phase shifters and pads, while the second part represents the RLC circuit responsible for capturing optical dynamics of MRMs. Model parameters were derived through curve fitting, utilizing Si MRM characterization data. At data rates of 80Gb/s and 106Gb/s, simulated eye diagrams align perfectly with measured eye diagrams. The equivalent circuit model can be effectively used for electronics and photonics co-design.
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