Graphene-based terahertz (THz) negative-conductivity metasurfaces based on two types of unit cell structures are investigated under the control of an external bias voltage. Electrical characterization is conducted and verification is performed using the finite-difference time-domain simulation and an optical-pump THz-probe system in terms of simulation and transient response analysis. Owing to the metal-like properties of graphene, the strong interaction between the metasurface and monolayer graphene yields a short-circuit effect, which considerably weakens the intensity of the resonance mode under passive conditions. Under active conditions, graphene, as an active load, actively induces a negative-conductivity effect, which enhances the THz transmission and recovers the resonance intensity gradually because of the weakening of short-circuit effect. The resulting resonance frequency shows a blue shift. This work provides a reference value for combining the bias-driven negative-conductivity graphene with metasurfaces and points the corresponding applications in the future.
A polymer distributed feedback (DFB) laser was fabricated by two-beam interference from MEH-PPV film on clear glass substrate. A direct-writing technique was reported that achieves large-area 1D DFB polymer lasers. The polymer thin film was exposed to a single-shot illumination of the interference pattern of one UV laser pulse at 355 nm. The direct-writing and the lasing characters of 1D DFB polymer lasers were demonstrated. The results show the lower threshold and full width at half maximum (FWHM) from DFB polymer laser than slab waveguide. The peak position is tuned by changing the period from 340 nm to 350 nm. The results show that the simple and low-cost technique that enables highly reproducible mass fabrication is required for the easy realization and more profound investigation of the polymer lasers based on the DFB configuration.
Sample with no characteristic absorption can be identified by refractive index features. In this work, qualitative and quantitative identification of THz spectra of polypeptides using self-organization feature map (SOM) artificial neural network has been demonstrated. The absorption and refractive index features of three polypeptides, including Argreline Acetate, Alarelin Acetate, and Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate, were measured by using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technique in the range 0.2–2.2 THz. The experimental results show that the three measured polypeptides present high similarity in absorption spectra but difference in refractive index spectra. After the network training process, the collected spectra were identified by the well-trained SOM network at another time. Analyzing the result we can see that the refractive index spectra are clustered and identify much better than the THz spectra of polypeptides. The study indicates that refractive index spectra can also be clustered by the SOM artificial neural network for identification of THz spectra especially when there is no obvious difference in absorption but significant difference in refractive index spectra.
We design a coupler for coupling parallel terahertz radiation into a terahertz anti-resonate waveguide sensor. It is the combination of a conical column and a short cylinder and made of aluminum. We simulate the coupler working in the case of a parallel terahertz wave and investigate the coupling results of both a broadband terahertz wave and a single frequency terahertz wave from free-space into an anti-resonate waveguide sensor. The results indicate that the transmission spectrum can be described as a sum of the transmission associated with the conical column and the cylinder part. We optimize the best dimension parameter of the coupler, with which we get the coupling ratio of 86.3% and the terahertz intensity concentration factor of 6.9.
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