Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) needs optical biopsy methods for tumor margin determination. Although confocal microscopy CM) has been used, CM has poor contrast to detect cancer cells with reflection contrast. We developed combined reflectance confocal (RC) & Moxifloxacin based two-photon (MB-TP) microscopy for high contrast. Here, combined microscopy was tested in various skin cancer tissues. Combined microscopy visualized both cell & extracellular matrix. Basal cell carcinoma nests were detected and distinguished from glands. Squamous cell carcinoma was detected with some features. This study showed combined microscopy has potentials for guiding MMS.
High-resolution fluorescence imaging using moxifloxacin as a clinically compatible cell labeling agent is described. Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic with good pharmacokinetic properties for tissue penetration and it has intrinsic fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) excitation. Alternative usage of moxifloxacin as the cell labeling agent was demonstrated in two-photon tissue imaging of various tissues. Cells within tissues were visualized in enhanced contrasts with moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin based tissue imaging was explored not only in two-photon excitation but also in both single-photon and three-photon excitations. Moxifloxacin based fluorescence imaging is clinically compatible and has potentials for clinical applications where the cellular examination is needed.
Surgical resection is the primary treatment for malignant brain tumors. This procedure has a dilemma—aggressive surgical resection tends to extend patient survival; however, it also increases the risk of neurological deficiencies. Current medical imaging methods are not sensitive and their interpretation largely depend on surgeon’s impression. High-speed cellular imaging method by using clinically applicable moxifloxacin was demonstrated for fast and sensitive tumor-detection. The detailed cytoarchitecture of brain tumor mouse model and malignant human brain tumors was revealed. This study showed the potential and feasibility of moxifloxacin-based confocal microscopy as a surgery-guiding method for tumor removal.
Research about the cutaneous burn was separated by assessment of burn depth and development of wound healing therapy. Various in vivo optical techniques were used to determined burn depth and observe the wound healing process. In this paper, we report the usage of multimodal optical coherence tomography system, which containing angiographic and polarization sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) with conventional OCT system, at burn studies. Burn was induced at 4 different degrees by control the attachment time of 75 Celsius degree heated brass rod at dorsal skin of the rat. For the burn depth assessment, we imaged the different burn degrees area. Changes of polarization sensitive signal were providing burn depth information. To see the wound healing process, each wound area imaged at long period. Conventional OCT shows the structural information about the tissue, like layer and hair follicle. Angiographic OCT provides vascular distribution and diameter of blood vessel information and PS-OCT shows birefringence tissue information. Based on the multimodal OCT data, burn depth assessment were well matched with burn induced time and wound healing process was consistent with previous wound healing report. Therefore, the multimodal OCT holds potential for burn study.
A combined two-photon microscopy (TPM) and angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is developed, which can provide molecular, cellular, structural, and vascular information of tissue specimens in vivo. This combined system is implemented by adding an OCT vasculature visualization method to the previous combined TPM and OCT, and then is applied to in vivo tissue imaging. Two animal models, a mouse brain cranial window model and a mouse ear cancer model, are used. Both molecular, cellular information at local regions of tissues, and structural, vascular information at relatively larger regions are visualized in the same sections. In vivo tissue microenvironments are better elucidated by the combined TPM and angiographic OCT.
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