A spatial phase unwrapping algorithm based on multi-anchors bidirectional location and suppression (SPUA-MBLS) is proposed. Spatial phase unwrapping algorithms (SPUAs) can play an important role in three-dimensional (3-D) measurement due to their phase unwrapping without any additional auxiliary pattern. SPUAs based on line scanning can achieve much faster phase unwrapping line-by-line than the traditional SPUA based on reliability sort, such as the quality-guided SPUA. But they are prone to suffer from residual error propagation caused by noise. The proposed algorithm first binarizes the wrapped phase to generate a crude fringe order map with multi-anchors and then cross-validates this map forward-backward to locate and suppress those multi-anchors as much as possible. Thus, a more perfect fringe order map can be segmented to achieve spatial phase unwrapping with a more effective improvement of residual error propagation. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is proved to have higher measurement accuracy, and it has also shown higher robustness in anti-noise performance while inheriting the high-speed phase unwrapping feature.
KEYWORDS: Video, 3D metrology, Composites, RGB color model, 3D modeling, Optical engineering, CCD cameras, Fluctuations and noise, Cameras, Phase shifts
A color-coded computer-generated Moiré profilometry (CGMP) with real-time 3D measurement and synchronous monitoring video collection is proposed. In this method, a sinusoidal grating and the direct current (DC) component of it are encoded in the blue and red channels of a color composite grating, respectively. This color composite grating is projected onto the measured object, and a corresponding color deformed pattern is sampled by an RGB camera. A monochrome sinusoidal deformed pattern and a flat image are demodulated from the color deformed pattern by color separation. The flat image reflects the DC component of the monochrome sinusoidal deformed pattern and the monitoring image in real time. The DC component of the monochrome sinusoidal deformed pattern is efficiently figured out by multiplying the flat image with an introduced coefficient, even though the DC spectrum and the first-order spectrum of the monochrome sinusoidal deformed pattern overlap. By establishing a color-coded CGMP, the 3D shape of the measured object is reconstructed successfully. Due to its single-shot feature, the 3D information and synchronizing monitoring video are sampled in real time. Some static objects and moving objects are measured to verify the feasibility, validity, and accuracy of the proposed method.
A real-time computer-generated moiré profilometry (CGMP) with adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed. In CGMP proposed previously, only one static sinusoidal grating needs to be projected onto the measured object and only one deformed pattern caused by the object needs to be captured, which is ideal for real-time three-dimensional (3-D) measurement. By means of generating moiré fringes between the captured deformed pattern and the prestored fringe patterns on the reference plane via computer, the 3-D shape of the measured object can be reconstructed successfully. In phase calculating, this method needs to extract the DC component by filtering. If filtering operation required manual intervention each time, its real-time measuring feature may be limited. For this, an adaptive filtering algorithm based on the maximum fundamental frequency component proportion evaluation function is proposed. It can automatically retrieve an object’s phase information according to the Fourier spectrum distributions of different measured objects without any manual intervention. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the real-time 3-D measuring application.
A real-time three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement based on single-shot color binary fringe (CBF) projection is proposed. In the traditional 3-D shape measurement methods based on binary fringe projection, the duty cycle of the binary fringe is always set to 1/2, so as to approximate the sinusoidal fringe by defocusing projection. In the proposed method, the binary fringe with a duty cycle of 1/3 is introduced. It is found that although the duty cycle is not 1/2, a nearly unbroken sinusoidal fringe pattern can be extracted from the captured fringe pattern by a filtering operation in the spatial frequency domain. In order to realize real-time 3-D shape measurement, a composite CBF was designed, in which three monochromatic binary fringes share the same duty cycle of 1/3 but misaligned 1/3 periods one by one are encoded in red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels. When this composite CBF is projected onto the measured object, only one color-deformed pattern (CDP) needs to be captured and three monochromatic sinusoidal deformed patterns with a phase-shifting of 2π / 3 one another can be extracted from the single-shot captured CDP. So the 3-D shape of the measured object can be reconstructed with three-step phase measuring profilometry. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. It can either effectively avoid the color overlapping in traditional color sinusoidal fringe or avoid the grayscale nonlinearity of sinusoidal fringe caused by the effect of gamma.
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