The article considers the period of influence of the tropical storm Ophelia on the optical characteristics obtained for the Black Sea region. Over the Black Sea on 18.10.2017-19.10.2017 the transfer of air flows from the northwest was recorded, which contained particles like dust aerosol from the Sahara desert, and smoke particles from fires from the Iberian Peninsula. Analysis of the dust-smoke combined type aerosol influence on the results of satellite spectral brightness coefficient over the Black Sea water area according to MODIS and VIIRS measurements showed an underestimation of the values of Rrs(λ) in the short-wave region compared to in situ data obtained at the western Black Sea stations of the AERONET network.
The paper presents the results of the mass concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles measurements which were carried out using the Atmas dust analyzer (manufactured in Russia) for 2021. The analysis of the results showed that the period with the maximum values of the mass concentration of suspended particles PM10 and PM2.5 was observed in November-December of the year under study. Also, throughout the year the dates with an excess of the average monthly concentrations by more than 2 times were identified and an analysis of atmospheric pollution by suspended PM particles was carried out for them using the SILAM model. The results of modeling the back trajectories of air flow movement performed using the HYSPLIT software package were used to determine the source of PM10 and PM2.5 particle transport.
In this work a precipitated water long-term data array is collected for the period since 2006 to 2019 over the Black Sea region. A comparative research of MODIS Terra / Aqua satellite data and ground AERONET network photometer measurements was carried out. The monthly average arrays were analyzed and the trends of PW parameter changes were revealed. Comparative analysis showed a deviation upwards of 0,40 cm from satellite measurements from AERONET measurements. This amount of discrepancy falls within the confidence interval of values and is the acceptable range of errors. PW data for AERONET stations have a high correlation with MODIS satellite data (95%).
The results of the analysis of the aerosol optical thickness, asymmetry factor and the aerosol reverse trajectories according to AERONET network data for the western part of the Black Sea region are described. The results of a comparison of the variability of the AOT values and the variability of the aerosol asymmetry factor at the Black Sea stations and the Mediterranean station Medenine-IRA for the average and dust transport days are presented.
The spring-summer period of 2020 was characterized by high values of the sea brightness coefficient Lwn (radiation rising from under the water) in the area of the western coast of the Black Sea. This work examines the period when this phenomenon appeared and what is the reason for this. The paper also discusses the features of interannual variations observed during the period of mass development of coccolithophorids in May – June in the researched region.
The period of highest fire activity (August 2017) by the radiation power and the number of fires for the period since 2007 to 2019 was revealed. Based on image processing techniques in the infrared range (on a 4 μm channel) according to MODIS and VIIRS data the statistical analysis of fire data was carried out and variations in the radiation power from fires were studied. The main optical and microphysical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol for the periods with the largest number of fires for the Black Sea region were analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the main optical characteristics variability and precipitation samples for periods of special fire activity was carried out. Considering that nitrogen oxides enter the atmosphere as a result of combustion processes, an analysis of atmospheric precipitation samples for the content of nitrates for days with the maximum number of thermoactive points according to satellite data was carried out in order to identify a possible correlation.
The analysis of aerosol optical depth data over the western part of the Black Sea region is carried out. Data sources were remote sensing tools such as: CALIPSO satellite and MODIS radiometer. The results of comparing AOD according to CALIPSO and MODIS with the ground-based AOD values of SPM photometer (Sevastopol) and AERONET data (Gloria) in the period from 2016 to 2017 are presented.
The absorbing aerosol influence on the brightness spectral coefficient (Rrs (λ)) of the Black sea by insitu AERONET-OC and MODIS satellite data has been studied. It is shown that the registration of dust transfer at wavelengths of 412, 488, 531 and 547 shows the most significant (more than 3 times) difference between the values of Rrs (λ) insitu AERONETOC and Rrs (λ) MODIS.
A comprehensive analysis of data on the content of PO43- and SiO32- in the atmospheric precipitation, collected in Sevastopol, with the data of back trajectories of HYSPLIT and AERONET models, as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) was carried out. It has been found that the days with increased concentrations of PO43- and SiO32- coincide with the dates of transfer of the dust aerosol from the Sahara desert. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus and silicon in the precipitations in these cases may increase in several times as compared with their volume-weighted mean concentrations.
Coefficient of vertical light attenuation at wavelength 490 nm (Kd (490)), obtained from measurements of the MODIS device from the Aqua satellite and the effect of an absorbing aerosol on a standard satellite product was studied. For this The event of absorbing aerosol transfer over the Black Sea northwestern shelf area which was diagnosed at the AERONET-OC Gloria station in the summer season of 2014 was considered. It was shown that the presence of an absorbing aerosol in the atmosphere leads to an overestimation of the standard satellite product: the diffuse light attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd (490)) in comparison with its value calculated from the ascending radiation spectrum direct measurements at the above-mentioned AERONET- OC.
Coefficient of diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance at wavelength 490 nm (Kd (490)), obtained from measurements of the MODIS device from the Aqua satellite and the effect of an absorbing aerosol on a standard satellite product was studied. For this the event of absorbing aerosol transfer over the Black Sea northwestern shelf area which was diagnosed at the AERONET-OC Gloria station in the summer season of 2014 was considered. It was shown that the presence of an absorbing aerosol in the atmosphere leads to an overestimation of the standard satellite product: Kd (490) in comparison with its value calculated from the ascending radiation spectrum direct measurements at the above-mentioned AERONET- OC.
The first results in development of method for satellite monitoring of the bio-optical water properties of Gorky reservoir as an example of an inland freshwater eutrophic water body are presented. The method is based on the semi-analytical algorithm for the Black Sea and uses the data on the reflectance coefficient of the water column, allowing to calculate the concentrations of optically significant substances (phytoplankton pigments, dissolved organic matter and mineral suspended matter). Field measurements of spectral reflectance were carried out in years 2016 – 2017. Spatial variability of reflectance and factors affecting it were analyzed. Reflectance model used in Black Sea algorithm was adapted to biooptical features of the studied water body. Model calculations of pigment concentration were compared with chlorophyll a content data obtained from water samples analyses. The pigment absorption spectra were calculated, showing the spectral features characteristic of photosynthetic pigments. The ways of further research for algorithm development are determined.
Based on the analysis of the backward trajectories of two models: BTA (Back Trajectory Analysis) of AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model), the periods of arid aerosol drift from the Sahara and the Syrian Desert side were determined by the algorithm of spatiotemporal localization of ground based aerosol sources for 2016. Seasonal variability of arid aerosol during the analyzed period was revealed and a comparative analysis of the BTA data of the AERONET network from 2008 to 2015 and data obtained in 2016 are presented.
The effect of errors related to the given optical properties inaccuracy of the atmosphere and the condition of the air-water boundary after atmospheric correction, and the error in ocean color product from the SeaWiFS and MODIS tools is considered.
A statistical research by years and seasons of dust aerosol event from the Middle East over the Black Sea using the seven-day back trajectory analyses for the period since 2007 to 2015 was conducted. The main optical and microphysical characteristics of arid aerosol from the area of the Sahara and Syrian desert was obtained from the results of Cimel measurements on Sevastopol station of international network AERONET. The data submitted 1. on the website of the international AERONET network: trajectories transfer of BTA (Back Trajectory Analyses) at 8 levels of pressure; 2. satellites data; 3. HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) model data for Sevastopol and other Black Sea stations have been analysed.
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