The radio frequency spectrum (9 kHz-275 GHz) is a limited finite resource for which many radio services compete. Most of the 525 radio frequency bands are shared by two or more of the 30 recognized services. Worldwide, except for some individual country differences, in the 8025-8400 MHz range, often referred to as the X-band, the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) shares its space-to-Earth allocation with the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) and the terrestrial fixed and mobile services. Additionally, the adjacent band, 8400-8450 MHz, is allocated to the space research service (deep space) in the space-to-Earth direction and radio frequency emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to these space research operations. Managing the use of this spectrum requires consideration of not only the sharing among the allocated services but also within a given service. In particular, the continued growth in use of the EESS allocation by Earth-exploration satellites is nearing the capacity of the 375 MHz. In order to permit the maximum utilization, it is incumbent upon satellite network operators to consider innovative design techniques that result in spectral efficiency without causing harmful interference to other systems using the allocation. International and U.S. spectrum regulators, as well as the entities that manage Earth resource satellites using this band, have established guidelines that support such spectrum efficiency. This paper provides the three Federal agencies' thoughts on the current policy and the steps being taken to ensure the continued availability of this spectrum into the future.
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