Although the project of the Three Gorges Dam across the Yangtze River in China can utilize this huge potential source
of hydroelectric power, and eliminate the loss of life and damage by flood, it also causes environmental problems due to
the big rise and fluctuation of the water, such as geo-hazards. In order to prevent and predict geo-hazards, the
establishment of prediction system of geo-hazards is very necessary. In order to implement functions of hazard
prediction of regional and urban geo-hazard, single geo-hazard prediction, prediction of landslide surge and risk
evaluation, logical layers of the system consist of data capturing layer, data manipulation and processing layer, analysis
and application layer, and information publication layer. Due to the existence of multi-source spatial data, the research
on the multi-source transformation and fusion data should be carried on in the paper. Its applicability of the system was
testified on the spatial prediction of landslide hazard through spatial analysis of GIS in which information value method
have been applied aims to identify susceptible areas that are possible to future landslide, on the basis of historical record
of past landslide, terrain parameter, geology, rainfall and anthropogenic activity. Detailed discussion was carried out on
spatial distribution characteristics of landslide hazard in the new town of Badong. These results can be used for risk
evaluation. The system can be implemented as an early-warning and emergency management tool by the relevant
authorities of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the future.
KEYWORDS: Light sources and illumination, Solar energy, Diffusers, Buildings, Sun, Diamond, Solar radiation, Automatic tracking, Roads, Energy efficiency
Natural light is very important element in the quality of vision. Solar light pipes are effective method to induce
sunlight into the room need to be illuminated especially for corridor, some places natural sunlight cannot arrive. Solar
light pipes are also effective ways to reduce electricity consumption for lighting; it can transmit sunlight from outdoor to
the room without generating excessive heat. The performance of two top lighting solar light pipes and one side lighting
solar light pipe were investigated at the same time under sunny conditions in winter in Beijing. The results showed that
side lighting solar light pipes have better performance than that of top lighting one. Side lighting light pipe has better
performance than top lighting light pipe if there are no shelters around the top dome under sunny conditions in winter in
Beijing. Solar altitude is the main reason to give an effect on the performance of light pipes. The experimental results
also showed that top lighting solar light pipes with "snow type" diffuser has better performance compare with the
"diamond type" one. Solar azimuth can also affect the illuminance for whole day to all solar light pipes. So if the
sunlight collector can following with the sun, this problem can be resolved, that is, automatic sun trackers are needed,
but the cost will become too much at the same time. Different regions and different seasons had to select different types
of solar light pipes to achieve maximum output of illuminance in the room. Design of the solar light pipes must adjust
measures to local conditions. Solar light pipes will be popularized in the near future in China because have many
advantages to improve energy efficiency in buildings.
KEYWORDS: Buildings, Thermography, Thermal effects, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Energy efficiency, Temperature metrology, Solar energy, Solar radiation, Roads
Architecture colour is an important part in urban designing. It directly affects the expressing and the thermal effect of
exterior surface of buildings. It has proved that four factors affect the sign visibility, graphics, colour, lighting condition
and age of the observers, and colour is the main aspect. The best method is to prevent the exterior space heating up in the
first place, by reflecting heat away room the exterior surface.The colour of paint to coat building's exterior wall can have
a huge impact on energy efficiency. While the suitable colour is essential to increasing the energy efficiency of paint
colour during the warm summer months, those products also help paint colour efficiency and reduce heat loss from
buildings during winter months making the interior more comfortable all year long. The article is based on analyzing the
importance of architecture color design and existing urban colour design. The effect of external surface colour on the
thermal behaviour of a building has been studied experimentally by Infrared Thermographic method in University of
Science and technology Beijing insummer.The experimental results showed that different colour has quietly different
thermal effect on the exterior surface of buildings. The thermal effect of carmine and fawn has nearly the same values.
The main factor which is color express, give some suggest ting about urban color design. The investigation reveals that
the use of suitable surface colour can dramatically reduce maximum the temperatures of the exterior wall.
Keywords: architectural colour, thermal, thermographic
KEYWORDS: Landslide (networking), Global Positioning System, Failure analysis, Data modeling, Lithium, Data analysis, Kinematics, Statistical analysis, Earth sciences, Control systems
In recent years, the Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques have been widely applied to monitor the superficial
movements of landslides. The main objective of this paper is to ascertain the application of GPS in landslide prediction
practice, taking Baishuihe landslide as an example. The 1260 Mm3 Baishuihe landslide (Three Gorge Reservoir, China),
susceptible to evolve into a soil slide, is studied. This landslide has been periodically monitored since 2003 with GPS
and other conventional equipments. Influencing factors have been recognized through the analysis of the GPS
monitoring data. Forecasting the failure of the landslides is difficult because of nonlinear time dependency and seasonal
effects, which affect the displacements. According to Crosta's method, Voight model is suggested to forecast fictitious
failures and to assess alert velocity thresholds using GPS monitoring data. Voight's equation has been expressed in terms
of displacement and used to fit the data by nonlinear estimation techniques. Velocity threshold values have been
computed and be used for emergency management by assuming these parameters (α, Α, τ, f, mechanical behaviour of the landslide mass approaching failure.
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