The authors report the fabrication and characterization of passive waveguides in GeO2–PbO and TeO2–ZnO glasses written with a femtosecond laser delivering pulses with 3μJ, 30μJ and 80fs at 4kHz repetition rate. Permanent refractive index change at the focus of the laser beam was obtained and waveguides were formed by two closely spaced laser written lines, where the light guiding occurs between them. The refractive index change at 632 nm is around 10-4 . The value of the propagation losses was around 2.0 dB/cm. The output mode profiles indicate multimodal guiding behavior. Raman measurements show structural modification of the glassy network. The results show that these materials are potential candidates for passive waveguides applications as low-loss optical components.
This paper reports for, the first time, the influence of silicon nanocrystals on the photoluminescence and optical gain of Yb3+/Er3+ codoped Bi2O3−GeO2 waveguides for amplification at 1542 nm. Pedestal waveguides were fabricated by RF- sputtering followed by optical lithography and reactive ion etching. RF-sputtering followed by heat treatment produced silicon nanocrystals with average size of 8 nm and resulted in a photoluminescence enhancement of about 10 times for the 520 nm and 1530 nm emission bands. The resulting internal gain was 5.5 dB/cm at 1542 nm, which represents and enhancement of ∼50%, demonstrating potential for applications in integrated optics.
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