Continuous monitoring of electromagnetic radiation of natural origin in VLF range (3-30 kHz) allowed us to collect a long-term data base of thunderstorm activity in Kamchatka peninsula. The collected data base also includes lightning cells determined by «dirty thunderstorms» generated during volcanic explosive eruptions. The earlier analysis showed that two-stage scenario of development is typical for all «dirty thunderstorms». The first stage is accompanied by eruptive column formation and depends on eruption power and ash cloud height. The second stage, depending on eruption power and on eruptive cloud interaction during its propagation with meteorological clouds, is associated with eruptive cloud formation and propagation. The paper shows the mechanism of gas formation in eruptive clouds. It explains the sequence of two stages.
In the region of the Northern group of volcanoes in Kamchatka peninsula, a distributed network is being planned to monitor the VLF range electromagnetic radiation and to locate the lightning strokes. It will allow the researchers to register weaker electromagnetic pulses from lightning strokes in comparison to the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The hardware-software complex of the network under construction is presented. The capabilities of the available and the developing hardware and software to investigate natural phenomena associated with lightning activity are described.
Topical problems of monitoring and analysis of lightning activity are considered. The paper also presents monthly distributions of lightning discharges over the globe. The instrumentation applied in VLF signal registration is described. An algorithm of search for possible areas of lightning activity affecting whistler occurrence in a defined region is suggested. The algorithm compares each detected whistler with the data of the World Wide Lightning Location Network. It also may be used to analyze different time intervals of the world lightning activity from the moment of whistler formation.
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