A global reference model covering next generation active and passive networks has been developed for techno-economic
evaluations, and an extensive techno-economic analysis with a focus on CAPEX has been performed for 10G TDM PON
and 1G AON - both capable of delivering 1Gbit/s to end-users. Two major cases have been considered: urban and rural
at green field deployment. The results show that AON is less expensive than PON solution in urban case while in rural
case 10G TDM PON is more competitive.
The recent perspectives of evolution of the access part driven by the Fibre-To-The-Home technology will create new
needs at the metro area in the next decade. This paper describes different alternatives for the metro area already
proposed or investigated in the past, and points some interesting research directions in this metro area.
Optical packet switching techniques have been studied for many years and many feasibility experiments have demonstrated the viability of this technology at different areas of the network. In this paper an analysis of the optical technology potential in different network areas: metro access, metro core and backbone, is carried out. But the slow emergence of an integrated and available optical fast technology and a lack of standards is a brake for its introduction on the market place. In a society more and more user-centric approach, it becomes then urgent to raise the bottlenecks of a full electronic technologies and to propose hybrid architectures combining optics and electronics to reach all the specifications of the next generation of networks. So in this paper, after a status on optical packet switching techniques, after raising the needs in the metro and backbone areas, concrete solutions will be proposed, and more important some key catalysts for a rapid introduction will be addressed. Finally the paper will give the important steps to cross to really take this technological corner.
With the emergence of new services mixing data, voice and video, the expected increase of the traffic volume together with the modification of its profile creates a need for a high throughput multimedia network. In addition, quality-of- service (QoS) management is currently widely debated at the convergence between ATM and IP communities. In the meantime, WDM is widely deployed, giving access to large transport capacities together with a new dimension for routing purposes. This paper present alternatives for a multi- service optical network infrastructure in this Internet world, where WDM is used not only to increase the throughput but also to differentiate the traffic, to alleviate contention issues and to provide cost-effective solutions. On the same optical infrastructure under a self-sufficient management yet, would coexist different logical sub-networks where different routing techniques are used according to QoS and client protocol requirements. The main objective is to save on the transport cost by optimizing through packet switching techniques the resource utilization according traffic characteristics, while providing enough flexibility to adapt the resources to the evolution of the demand, and maintaining a high transmission quality, as provided by SONET today. This work, capitalizes on InP-based fast optical switching technologies demonstrated within the European ACTS KEIPS project. In this paper, the network concepts, packet format considerations, preferred routing techniques and system architecture will be reported and illustrated through physical and logical analysis. Finally, t < o introduction scenario will be presented: one for the backbone and one for the metro.
The future telecommunication network will have to face the dramatic increase of subscribers as well as the increase of the user bandwidth through new services. All-optical packet switching techniques can become a strategic objective to offer on an unique technology a service-transparent network. In this paper, we will describe in detail the structure of an optical packet switching node developed in the framework of the ACTS 043 KEOPS project. An analysis of the key functions will be reported to fulfill system requirements including cascadability. In particular the input synchronization, the Broadcast-and-select switching matrix and the output regenerative interface will be described and physical performance will be assessed through theoretical analysis: quality of the signal, packet jitter and packet power fluctuation. The electronic circuitry for the control of the components of each sub-block will be described. Finally, experimental validations of a 160 Gbit/s throughput node will be reported. In order to complete the analysis, the logical performance in a Bernoulli-type traffic will be regarded. In particular an optimized buffer including a recirculation loop will be studied. Logical performance exhibiting a packet loss rate lower than 10-9 for a 0.8 load and mean packet delay as low as 3 packet slots will be illustrated, thereby demonstrating full compatibility with ATM constraints. Finally, new perspectives in terms of throughput potential through cascading will be drawn.
One of the objectives of the European ACTS 043 KEOPS project, was to assess the feasibility of a high capacity all-optical packet switching network to face the dramatic increase of traffic needs. The initial objective was to cascade a maximum of 16 network sections (involving transmission links up to 100 km and one optical packet switching node) at 10 Gbit/s to validate the concept. In this paper we present both the experimental validation and a logical analysis. The physical performance has been assessed through a loop cascade of 40 network sections including 160 Gbit/s throughput switching nodes and 100 km of transmission. Recent experimental results have shown that such a network could be extended to a world scale. The limits of operation have been checked by regarding interferometric noise influence in the cascade and evolution of power discrepancies through the network. For the first time, these results really indicate that it is possible to provide high capacity, full flexibility and total expandability at the network level without any opto- electronic conversion. Finally, we will give simulation results exhibiting the packet loss rate, the packet delay and the occupation rate in the buffer. In particular, we demonstrate that the packet loss rate was preserved during the cascade. Results are comparable with ATM constraints as well as with other data transmission formats. This set of results demonstrates the feasibility of an all-optical packet switched network while providing both high quality of signal and high traffic performance.
We have demonstrated photonic packet switching in the time domain using semiconductor optical gates and a four-fiber delay lines optical buffer. Less than 1 dB penalty has been observed at a 600 Mbit/s rate, although no guard bands were inserted between packets to be switched.
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