The Nuclear Imaging System at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) collects primary and downscattered neutron, x-ray, and gamma-ray images of inertial confinement fusion implosions. Penumbral and pinholeprojection images are recorded using scintillators coupled to fast-gated intensified cameras. Successful reconstruction relies on accurate characterization of the imaging system sensitivity, which can vary by up to a factor of 2 across the field of view. Historically, this has been accomplished by using NIF shots without the aperture to uniformly illuminate the detector, or to project onto it a grid pattern from a fiducial plate to correct for detector sensitivity and optical system aberrations, respectively. However, frequent changes to the imaging system due to equipment failures or vibrations within the building have increased the need for calibrations, which are limited in availability to approximately once per year because they require sacrificing imaging data on a neutron-producing shot. We present development work on an optical calibration system that will enable the collection of this data without that requirement promptly, easily, and at regular intervals.
We have recently demonstrated significant improvements to the resolution and sensitivity of the NIF gamma imaging system by replacing the existing EJ262 plastic scintillator with the Ce-doped gadolinium garnet transparent ceramic scintillator GYGAG. Penumbral imaging of inelastic gammas emitted during inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at NIF can be used to recover the time integrated spatial distribution of the remaining shell during the fusion burn, the technique is therefore a critical diagnostic for understanding the failure modes and quality of NIF implosions. In this work we discuss GEANT4 calculations of the relative sensitivities of GYGAG and EJ262 as well as rolled edge measurements made on NIF shot N221204 in December 2022, for the purpose of directly comparing the spatial resolution of each scintillator in-situ.
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) uses the world’s largest and most energetic laser system to explore High-Energy-Density (HED) physics. Historically, experiments at the NIF could not radiograph an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiment at late times due to self-emission from the capsule. The Crystal Backlighter Imager diagnostic (CBI) fielded on NIF in 2017 and has allowed radiography of ICF capsules at late times. This capability is due to the very narrow bandwidth of the imaging system, which eliminates much of the self-emission. X-rays from a backlighter source (driven by NIF beams) pass through the experiment, and the CBI uses a spherically curved crystal to reflect these x-rays at near-normal incidence (Bragg angle close to 90°) onto the detector, resulting in a very narrow bandwidth microscope.
The geometry of a near-normal-incidence microscope is challenging to implement at the NIF, since the crystal must be positioned and aligned to high precision on the opposite side of the target relative to the detector. The in-chamber alignment procedure cannot take significantly longer than a simple pinhole imager, since demand for NIF shots is high and a given experiment is allotted a strict time limit. Avoiding any collision between diagnostic hardware and the target is paramount and any instrument that is placed in close proximity to a target must be able to withstand the debris produced by a 2.0 MJ NIF shot.
CBI overcomes these challenges by mounting the detector and crystal on a single diagnostic instrument manipulator (DIM). The crystal is mounted on an arm that passes around the target, positioning the crystal on the opposite side of the target to the detector. This allows much of the crystal alignment to be done before the instrument is inserted into the NIF chamber, saving time. The arm that supports the crystal is mechanized so that, during insertion of the CBI, the risk of collision with the target is minimized. The CBI is designed as a robust platform that is capable of maintaining alignment tolerances of <200 microns relative to the target, as well as survive the harsh loading on the mechanical components during a NIF 2.0 MJ energy experiment. This paper discusses the engineering challenges of
the CBI system.
The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has an optical
prescription which terminates at two focal plane arrays for each module. The instrument will operate at 35K after
experiencing launch loads at ~293K and the focal plane array housings must accommodate all associated thermal and
mechanical stresses, while keeping the FPAs aligned. The main purpose of the FPAH is to provide a stray light,
contamination, and radiation shield to the Focal Planes. The design includes a fold mirror used to direct incoming light
up to the detectors and mechanical support for the Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). A six degree of
freedom shim is used to align the Focal Plane Assembly at the operating temperature of 35 Kelvin. This paper will
provide an overview of the FPAH design including an update to the Fold Mirror design described in previous papers.
Analysis and test results of the ambient temperature optical and vibration testing will be presented.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.