Reconstructions of high- and midlatitude ionosphere applying low- and high-orbiting radio tomography (LORT and HORT) mrthods in different regions are analyzed. LORT reconstructions reflecting local (tens of kms) ionospheric features with various shapes, orientations, and localizations and large-scale (hundreds of kms) formations with regular and irregular structure are presented. HORT demonstrates morphological variety of plasma irregularities spanning hundreds to thousands km. Examples of multi- extrema structures, ionization spots (blobs, patches), variations in locations and depths of ionization troughs, quasi-wave perturbations, high-gradient ionization “walls” are presented. Ionospheric effects of precipitations are discussed. Qualitative comparison between RT reconstructions and DMSP particle flux data is conducted.
In the present paper we study GNSS - reflectometry methods for estimation of sea level variations using a single GNSSreceiver, which are based on the multipath propagation effects caused by the reflection of navigational signals from the sea surface. Such multipath propagation results in the appearance of the interference pattern in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of GNSS signals at small satellite elevation angles, which parameters are determined by the wavelength of the navigational signal and height of the antenna phase center above the reflecting sea surface. In current work we used GPS and GLONASS signals and measurements at two working frequencies of both systems to study sea level variations which almost doubles the amount of observations compared to GPS-only tide gauge. For UNAVCO sc02 station and collocated Friday Harbor NOAA tide gauge we show good agreement between GNSS-reflectometry and traditional mareograph sea level data.
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