An experimental setup for precision processing of composite materials based on nanosecond pulsed and continuous ytterbium fiber lasers with a wavelength of 1.06 μm and a radiation power up to 1 kW with an optical scanning systems based on galvanic drives with a beam velocity of up to 17 m/s has been developed. The setup provides a power density in a focused light spot with a diameter of ≃100 μm using a continuous laser of 107 W/cm2 and a pulsed laser of 109 W/cm2, which is one order of magnitude higher than the threshold values necessary for removing carbon fiber in the evaporation mode. The focus depth of the focused radiation allows for high-quality processing of sheet blanks.
The development of the electronic industry, with the further miniaturization of electronic components and the use of new materials puts forward increasingly stringent requirements for the quality, reliability and competitiveness of products. All this, in turn, dictates the creation of new technologies and technological processes. The microprocessing laser technologies at R&D production facility "Istok" named after Shokin " for the period 2003-2018, a series of modern automated laser technological installations of the "Caravel" type was created on the basis of industrial lasers and laser systems based on copper vapors and precision three-coordinate tables. This equipment with the diameter of the processing light spot of 10–20 μm and the peak power density of 109-1011 W/cm2 allows for efficient and high quality processing of foil (0.01-0.2 mm) and thin-sheet (0.2-1 mm) metal and the large range of non-metallic materials of microwave products.
A set of output characteristics of copper vapor lasers with an average power level of 30-100 watts is considered. The radiation parameters of active media have been optimized for power consumption, buffer gas pressure of neon and hydrogen, repetition rate, and pump pulse parameters. A thyratron version of the switch was used as a pump generator; its high-voltage modulator has been made according to the capacity voltage doubling scheme with magnetic compression of the current pulses. We shall also discuss the issues of modifying the design of laser tubes (diameter is 4.5 cm, active length is 1520 cm) and the relationship with their lifetime. The issues of modern applications of high-power laser systems based on copper vapor are considered.
Temperature transition processes in optical-acoustic deflectors are experimentally investigated. The spectral dependence of the scanning angles of the deflector depending on the frequency of the operating signal during the changes in the device temperature is studied. It is shown that the angle of diffraction changes as the temperature of the deflector increases.
The paper shows, that a low-temperature plasma initiated in liquid media in interelectrode discharge gap is able to decompose hydrogen containing organic molecules resulting in obtaining gaseous products with volume part of hydrogen higher than 90% (up to gas chromatography data). Tentative assessments of energy efficiency, calculated with regard for hydrogen and feedstock heating value and energy consumption, have shown efficiency factor of 60-70%, depending on the source mixture composition. Theoretical model calculations of discharge current and voltage have been performed; the values are in good accordance with experimental data.
In this paper, a new form of plasma discharge in a liquid under intensive ultrasonic treatment exceeding the cavitation threshold has been explored in view of initiation of various physical and chemical processes. Furthermore, in this plasma discharge, nanoparticles of oxides of various metals with controlled shape and size of particles and narrow particles size distribution have been synthesized. Further research proved that ultrasonic cavitation during synthesis significantly affects the physical and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be used for formation of nanostructured coatings on surfaces of various materials by an ultrasonic technique.
A high-speed system for controlling spectral and temporal parameters of copper vapor laser radiation was developed and studied. The laser is designed for medical applications, in particular, for photodynamic therapy and thermal destruction of pathological neoplasm formations. Repetition frequency of pulses and their on-off time ratio are synchronized by pumping pulses and can be independently controlled from a computer.
Laser processing of materials always was the important field for laser applications. Copper vapor laser (CVL) system are widely used in micromechanical engineering where optical system may provide high image quality. That allows us to concentrate the energy on a small surface and to produce very tiny holes and very thin cutting edges. The possibility to use "generator-amplifier" laser system (copper vapor elements LT-5Cu and LT-30Cu) for processing material without mechanical movements was investigated. As the pumping generator was used the scheme with the current pulse duration about 80 - 100 ns and the laser pulse duration may vary up to 25 ns. In the unstable resonator scheme the special plane mirror with reflecting coating was used. With the help of this system a number of materials were processed, namely: copper, stainless steel, gold, aluminum and nonmetals: sapphire, ceramics, various rocks, plastics etc.
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