For monitoring and short-term forecasting of the meteorological situation and atmospheric air quality near settlements, transport hubs and industrial facilities, the Meteo+ automated computing system is proposed, based on a mathematical model of the atmospheric boundary layer and an effective numerical method focused on the use of supercomputers. The mathematical model includes an impurity transport model with a reduced chemical mechanism and a non-hydrostatic mesoscale meteorological model with a modern moisture microphysics parameterization scheme. Examples of the successful application of the developed automated computing system in the numerical prediction of surface air quality deterioration in light winds and temperature inversions, as well as in the prediction of such dangerous weather phenomena as wind gusts are given.
Some results of observations and numerical calculations of the meteorological situation and the quality of surface atmospheric air in the city of Western Siberia under weak wind conditions are presented. The observations were carried out using the meteorological stations of Research Equipment Sharing Center called “Atmosphere” and the TOR-station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics named after Zuev SB RAS. For numerical calculations, mesoscale models of numerical weather prediction TSUNM3 and a model for studying the quality of atmospheric air were used. The quality of the numerical forecast for these models was checked using the above equipment for atmospheric research and calculations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Observations carried out in the first ten months of 2020 made it possible to establish about 45 episodes and their duration, when for six hours or more the surface wind velocity was less than 1 m/s. Conditions of a weak wind in the city of Tomsk in 2020 most often occurred in the warm season and lasted from 20-24 o'clock to 8-10 o'clock local time of the next day. For the eight selected episodes, the TSUNM3 numerical weather model predicted the beginning and the end of the observed weak wind episodes quite satisfactorily. However, there is some tendency for the model to overestimate the duration of episodes with calm conditions. An analysis of observations of atmospheric air quality in the area of the TOR-station for the first ten months of 2020 showed that the surface concentration of carbon monoxide decreases with increasing wind velocity, while ozone, on the contrary, increases. The same conclusions can be drawn from the results of numerical calculations for two selected dates of 2020, when the duration of calm conditions was more than 9 hours. These results of numerical calculations also made it possible to establish some features of changes in concentrations in the city during the day with a long period of stagnation of the surface wind.
The paper presents the results of calculations of meteorological parameters and parameters that characterize air quality in the city, obtained with the use of mesoscale meteorology and impurity transport models. Changes in the numerically predicted wind velocity fields, temperature, and concentration of major air pollutants were considered in detail for the selected dates, when calm, cloudless, dry, and anticyclonic weather was observed in Tomsk. The numerical calculation results were compared with the experimental data obtained with the use of instruments of the Joint Use Center "Atmosphere" of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (hereinafter referred to as JUC "Atmosphere"). The studies, confirmed experimentally, have shown that the most unfavorable meteorological conditions at low (-30°- 20°C) ambient air temperatures, which lead to the accumulation of pollutants near the earth's surface, are weak wind of variable direction and stable or neutral stratification of the surface air.
We consider meteorological situations in Tomsk accompanied by weak (less than 1 m/s) and strong wind (leading to wind gusts over 11 m/s). Meteorological equipment of the Joint Use Center "Atmosphere" of V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (hereinafter referred to as JUC “Atmosphere”) and numerical mesoscale meteorological and photochemical models developed in TSU were used to study these phenomena. Dates (cases) when the considered meteorological phenomena were most pronounced were selected for the analysis of observation results in 2019. For low wind conditions, the TSUNM3 meteorological model confirmed the periods of the day when observed wind speed did not exceed 1m/s. The photochemical mesoscale model applied for the conditions of Tomsk city confirmed the interrelation of weak surface wind with surface air quality deterioration. For strong wind conditions, the calculated values of wind speed change synchronously with the actual values measured both by the ultrasonic meteorological station of the JUC "Atmosphere" and the aeronautical meteorological station of Bogashevo airport.
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