Piezoelectric actuators are increasingly used in modern fuel injectors due to their quick response, high efficiency, and
excellent repeatability. Current understanding of the thermo-electro-mechanical performance of piezoelectric actuators
under dynamic driving fields is very limited. In this paper, the dynamic thermo-electro-mechanical performance of Lead
Titanate Zirconate (PZT) stack actuators is experimentally studied over the temperature range of -30 °C to 80 °C, under a
driving field of up to 2.4 kV/mm (with an AC drive method) and a constant preload of about 5MPa. Sinusoidal and
trapezoidal driving fields with rise times varying from 0.1 ms to 2 ms are applied. It is found that dynamic stroke
increases steadily with the temperature. Under driving frequencies lower than the resonance frequency of the testing
system ( ≈ 500Hz), the electric field-strain behavior under different temperatures is very similar to the quasi-static results
obtained previously. In the case of a trapezoidal pulse, decreasing the rise time is found to be equivalent to increasing the
frequency.
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