Aiming at the problem of irregular wrinkled surface on space objects, which cannot be described accurately by 3D model, then it is proposed to use the Lambert model instead of BRDF model to describe the scattering characteristics of the coating materials. In order to verify the correctness of this assumption, the photometric data of a satellite scale model was obtained from simulation calculation and experimental measurements using two sets of the same STK (Satellite Tool Kit) scenarios. Based on the material proprieties and orbit characteristics of space object, the numerical photometric model was built. Photometric measurement of the scale model was conducted in the dark laboratory. The RMSEs(Root Mean Square Errors) of the simulated and measured magnitude are 0.187 and 0.641 based on Lambert model in two different scenarios, while the RMSEs are 0.875 and 1.060 based on BRDF model. The results indicate that the simulation results base on Lambert model fit better with the experimental results than BRDF model.
Aiming at the three-axis stabilized geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites, a satellite working state detection method based on the photometric reflection characteristics is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the commonly used materials on satellite are analyzed. The amplitude variation characteristics and the beam widths of the specular reflection of the materials are discussed based on one modified Phong BRDF model. Secondly, the GEO satellite photometric observation equations are analyzed. The photometric characteristics of the satellites caused by solar motion and the duration of the satellite specular reflection under normal working conditions were quantitatively analyzed and the duration is then put forward as a quantitative judgment basis for working state of GEO satellite. Finally, Simulation results indicate that the detection method under the criteria we proposed can accurately determine whether the satellite is working normally or not. The method proposed can be used as a basis for detecting the working state of GEO satellites quickly which could be useful for space situation awareness.
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