Mr. Floris M. Gretzmacher Profile

Floris M. Gretzmacher

at Ministry of Defense

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Author

Publications (6)

Proceedings Article | 5 September 2003 Paper

Cost-effective and promising approach for camouflage assessment of MUSTAFA targets in motion imagery

Floris Gretzmacher, Georg Ruppert

Proceedings Volume 5075, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487097

KEYWORDS: Video, Camouflage, Computer programming, Visualization, Motion analysis, Sensors, Neural networks, Quantization, Analytical research, Reconnaissance

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The camouflage assessment tool LOAT was introduced to the Austrian Air Reconnaissance Center at the end of 1999. This segmentation based and texture oriented method was already presented at AeroSense Conferences. For the new task of assessing video sequences of partly moving objects this single image method seemed to be too time consuming - a different approach relying on former experiences seemed to be feasible. In June 2002 a three nation (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) camouflage-field-campaign "MUSTAFA" was conducted on an Austrian proving-ground; data was recorded for the following expert analysis of the participants. Motion imagery was recorded in visual and thermal infrared bands. The scenario was the approach of an attack-helicopter towards typical military targets which were camouflaged with multi spectral measures. Besides a validation of the LOAT-System by selecting a small sample of the collected video frames a so called "videobase analysis method" is being developed and is scheduled for examining the videos for motion-camouflage-assessment. The "videobase analysis method" (it will become LOMAT-system = low observables motion assessment tool if successful) is based on a very fast video-processing software. The assessment algorithm to be implemented is based on a MDL clustering algorithm in conjunction with a database for numerical inter frame analysis. Features are the results of the clustering process like information content of the data, number of classes found and the like. We consider it a very promising approach for the projected real-time task mainly because there is no calibration process involved. The research done by D2K Solutions Ruppert&Partner OEG, an Austrian spin-off company of Joanneum Research is scheduled to provide the basic tool with end of 2002; the examination of the MUSTAFA data is due until May 2003. The approach of the "videobase-analysis method", the introduction of the MDL based assessment method will be presented together with some preliminary visualizations e.g. screenshots of the work done so far. Samples of the collected motion-image will also be presented.

Proceedings Article | 18 September 2001 Paper

Minimum description length principle applied to camouflage assessment

Georg Ruppert, Andreas Wimmer, Horst Bischof, Floris Gretzmacher, Guenter Wendner

Proceedings Volume 4370, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.440093

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Computer programming, Machine learning, Neural networks, Quantization, Algorithm development, Evolutionary algorithms, Image processing, Video, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2000 Paper

FFT-descriptors for shape recognition of military vehicles

Andreas Wimmer, Georg Ruppert, Oliver Sidla, Harald Konrad, Floris Gretzmacher

Proceedings Volume 4029, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.392514

KEYWORDS: Databases, Sensors, Image segmentation, Fourier transforms, Object recognition, Video, Cameras, Data modeling, Data processing, Infrared cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2000 Paper

Robust measure for camouflage effectiveness in the visual domain

Georg Ruppert, Reinhard Beichel, Floris Gretzmacher

Proceedings Volume 4029, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.392548

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Visualization, Distance measurement, Seaborgium, Quality measurement, Digital image processing, Image analysis, Eye, Systems modeling, Defense and security

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Proceedings Article | 24 July 2000 Paper

Fuzzy logic approach for the quantitative assessment of camouflage effectiveness in the thermal infrared domain

Reinhard Beichel, Georg Ruppert, Floris Gretzmacher

Proceedings Volume 4029, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.392547

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Fuzzy logic, Thermography, Thermal effects, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Visualization, Reliability, Quantization, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 1998 Paper

Camouflage assessment considering human perception data

Floris Gretzmacher, Georg Ruppert, Sten Nyberg

Proceedings Volume 3375, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.327177

KEYWORDS: Camouflage, Visualization, Machine vision, Computer vision technology, Distance measurement, Neural networks, Computing systems, Image processing, Image segmentation, Feature selection

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Shape and shape disruption have significant influence to the human target acquisition mechanism. A special testing method (the so called `photo-simulation') was developed in the eighties to present a set of image slides of camouflaged and not camouflaged objects in preferably natural backgrounds to military personnel to quantify differences in object camouflage effectiveness. Statistically significant results were achieved, however, the high test requirements limited its practical use. The project is motivated by an urgent need for a camouflage evaluation system based on computer vision with a fast response so that the user in a field test can be supported to further improve his camouflage skills. Hence, the photo simulation method cannot be regarded as obsolete, it can be used to compare the results of the camouflage evaluation system with the results of human perception. With an human-in-the-loop computer based camouflage assessment system, processing should be sped up by some orders of magnitude, could be automated for field tests and would yield several additional features. To overcome the problem of quantifying e.g. texture similarity of different camouflage nets to blend into the natural background, an image processing/visualization method was pursued by the Austrian Ministry of Defense. Now the same image-sets can be used for the human photo-simulation as well as for segmentation/classification by the camouflage assessment tool. Today a modified Euclid-distance measurement for visual images is being used while similarity of shapes (gestalt) to a selected region can be visualized. Feature selection is being done by training a neural network with the results of the human perception data. A cost effective prototype of a camouflage assessment tool based on standard hardware can be presented. Its promising performance gives hope to get beyond subjective camouflage experts stimuli. In the next project phase also thermal images shall be handled with the camouflage assessment tool.

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