In this paper, we discuss some light diffraction phenomena with a simple quantum theory. Firstly, the wave function of the free particle in quantum mechanics is used to explain Fraunhofer diffraction of the light at a rectangular aperture, and the result is consistent with the Huygens-Fresnel principle. Secondly, probabilistic wave method is used to analyze the Talbot effect of a two-dimensional grating. The results show that the photons at the Talbot distance and incident photons are described by the same probability wave. Finally, Talbot effect is used to measure the wavelength of incident light.
In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the micro-angle based on the 2D grating Talbot effect to generate the moiré fringe period. Firstly, the measurement principle of the micro rotation angle of the 2D grating and the characteristics of the 2D grating Talbot imaging are analyzed. And then the 2D grating is measured by the Moiré fringe generated by the Talbot image. Based on this, we derive the calculation formula of the angle, and analyze the accuracy of this method of measuring angle. The method of generating moiré fringes by Talbot imaging has the advantages of higher precision, more flexibility and convenience in measuring the rotation angle than stacking two directly.
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