Mr. George C. Goldsmith Profile

George C. Goldsmith

Electronic Development Engineer at US Air Force

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (20)

Proceedings Article | 16 May 2006 Paper

A novel approach to implementing geometric transformations in FPGAs

W. Larry Herald, Paul Mackin, Charles Niswonger, Rhoe Thompson, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 6208, 620815 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.669299

KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Image processing, Digital signal processing, Logic, Algorithm development, Distortion, Clocks, Commercial off the shelf technology, Mathematics, Image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2005 Paper

History of resistor array infrared projectors: hindsight is always 100% operability

Owen Williams, George Goldsmith, Robert Stockbridge

Proceedings Volume 5785, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.605513

KEYWORDS: Resistors, Infrared radiation, Projection systems, Bridges, Thermography, Infrared imaging, Silicon, Electronics, Cryogenics, Infrared technology

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2005 Paper

MIRAGE: developments in IRSP systems, RIIC design, emitter fabrication, and performance

Paul Bryant, Jim Oleson, Jay James, Steve McHugh, John Lannon, David Vellenga, Scott Goodwin, Alan Huffman, Steve Solomon, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 5785, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603972

KEYWORDS: Semiconducting wafers, Cryogenics, Electronics, Control systems, Body temperature, Yield improvement, Photomasks, Metals, Etching, Ceramics

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2004 Paper

Continuing adventures in high-temperature resistive emitter physics and materials

Steven Solomon, George Goldsmith, Mikhel Hawkins

Proceedings Volume 5408, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543053

KEYWORDS: Dielectrics, Metals, Thin films, Resistors, Temperature metrology, Hybrid fiber optics, Resistance, Physics, Carbon, Thermodynamics

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2004 Paper

Combined calibration and nonuniformity correction of a sensor for improved projector nonuniformity correction

Breck Sieglinger, David Flynn, R. Bryan Sisko, George Goldsmith, Rhoe Thompson, William Meshell, James Norman

Proceedings Volume 5408, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543063

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Image processing, Nonuniformity corrections, Black bodies, Calibration, Projection systems, Data modeling, Sensor calibration, Time metrology, Infrared sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 August 2004 Paper

Emissive infrared projector real-time scene data pixel processing

Owen Williams, Leszek Swierkowski, August Huber, James Norman, George Goldsmith, W. Larry Herald

Proceedings Volume 5408, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543055

KEYWORDS: Infrared radiation, Projection systems, Resistance, Nonuniformity corrections, Algorithm development, Control systems, Field effect transistors, Field programmable gate arrays, Cameras, Data processing

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2003 Paper

An analysis of spatial distortion, calibration, and translation effects for a scene projector

Breck Sieglinger, David Flynn, George Goldsmith, Rhoe Thompson

Proceedings Volume 5092, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488451

KEYWORDS: Projection systems, Distortion, Sensors, Calibration, Error analysis, Cameras, Image sensors, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2003 Paper

Infrared projector scene data real-time processor design

Owen Williams, Leszek Swierkowski, August Huber, James Norman, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 5092, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488585

KEYWORDS: Nonuniformity corrections, Signal processing, Cameras, Infrared radiation, Projection systems, Thermography, Black bodies, Field effect transistors, Signal attenuation, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2003 Paper

Setting the PACE in IRSP: a reconfigurable PC-based array-control electronics system for infrared scene projection

George Goldsmith, W. Larry Herald, Ricky Erickson, Walter Irvine, Paul Mackin, Paul Bryant, Brian Lindberg

Proceedings Volume 5092, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488586

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Infrared radiation, Nonuniformity corrections, Control systems, Field programmable gate arrays, Image processing, Infrared imaging, Video, Human-machine interfaces, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2003 Paper

Array nonuniformity correction: new procedures designed for difficult measurement conditions

Breck Sieglinger, James Norman, William Meshell, David Flynn, Rhoe Thompson, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 5092, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.488620

KEYWORDS: Nonuniformity corrections, Projection systems, Sensors, Cameras, Image processing, Image sensors, Cryogenics, Calibration, Infrared radiation, MATLAB

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2002 Paper

Process-based real-time scene data processor design for emitter array infrared projectors

Owen Williams, Leszek Swierkowski, Rhoe Thompson, George Goldsmith, W. Larry Herald

Proceedings Volume 4717, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474713

KEYWORDS: Signal processing, Projection systems, Nonuniformity corrections, Infrared radiation, Data processing, Computer simulations, Field effect transistors, Temperature metrology, Black bodies, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 2002 Paper

Numerical quantization effects in KHILS projection systems

David Flynn, Rhoe Thompson, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 4717, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474715

KEYWORDS: Projection systems, Quantization, Mid-IR, Long wavelength infrared, Cameras, Raster graphics, Calibration, Resistors, Digital imaging, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2001 Paper

Measurements of the accuracy of projecting point sources with a resistor array projector

David Flynn, Eric Olson, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 4366, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.438069

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Projection systems, Point spread functions, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Error analysis, Image processing, Convolution, Analytical research, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 13 July 1998 Paper

Demonstration of KHILS two-color IR projection capability

Lawrence Jones, Jason Coker, Dennis Garbo, Eric Olson, Robert Lee Murrer, Thomas Bergin, George Goldsmith, Dennis Crow, Andrew Guertin, Michael Dougherty, Thomas Marler, Virgil Timms

Proceedings Volume 3368, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.316367

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Resistors, Calibration, Black bodies, Long wavelength infrared, Optical filters, Reflectivity, Mid-IR, Staring arrays, Projection systems

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For more than a decade, there has been considerable discussion about using different IR bands for the detection of low contrast military targets. Theory predicts that a target can have little to no contrast against the background in one IR band while having a discernible signature in another IR band. A significant amount of effort has been invested towards establishing hardware that is capable of simultaneously imaging in two IR bands to take advantage of this phenomenon. Focal plane arrays (FPA) are starting to materialize with this simultaneous two-color imaging capability. The Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware-in-the-loop Simulator (KHILS) team of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility (GWEF), both at Eglin AFB, FL, have spent the last 10 years developing the ability to project dynamic IR scenes to imaging IR seekers. Through the Wideband Infrared Scene Projector (WISP) program, the capability to project two simultaneous IR scenes to a dual color seeker has been established at KHILS. WISP utilizes resistor arrays to produce the IR energy. Resistor arrays are not ideal blackbodies. The projection of two IR colors with resistor arrays, therefore, requires two optically coupled arrays. This paper documents the first demonstration of two-color simultaneous projection at KHILS. Agema cameras were used for the measurements. The Agema's HgCdTe detector has responsivity from 4 to 14 microns. A blackbody and two IR filters (MWIR equals 4.2 t 7.4 microns, LWIR equals 7.7 to 13 microns) were used to calibrate the Agema in two bands. Each filter was placed in front of the blackbody one at a time, and the temperature of the blackbody was stepped up in incremental amounts. The output counts from the Agema were recorded at each temperature. This calibration process established the radiance to Agema output count curves for the two bands. The WISP optical system utilizes a dichroic beam combiner to optically couple the two resistor arrays. The transmission path of the beam combiner provided the LWIR (6.75 to 12 microns), while the reflective path produced the MWIR (3 to 6.5 microns). Each resistor array was individually projected into the Agema through the beam combiner at incremental output levels. Once again the Agema's output counts were recorded at each resistor array output level. These projections established the resistor array output to Agema count curves for the MWIR and LWIR resistor arrays. Using the radiance to Agema counts curves, the MWIR and LWIR resistor array output to radiance curves were established. With the calibration curves established, a two-color movie was projected and compared to the generated movie radiance values. By taking care to correctly account for the spectral qualities of the Agema camera, the calibration filters, and the diachroic beam combiner, the projections matched the theoretical calculations. In the near future, a Lockheed- Martin Multiple Quantum Well camera with true two-color IR capability will be tested.

Proceedings Article | 17 June 1996 Paper

Characterization measurements of the wideband infrared scene projector resistor array

Lawrence Jones, Eric Olson, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 2742, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.243006

KEYWORDS: Resistors, Radiometry, Prototyping, High dynamic range imaging, Projection systems, Black bodies, Field effect transistors, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Imaging infrared seeker

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Kinetic energy weapon (KEW) programs under the Ballistic Missile Defense Office (BMDO) need high fidelity, fast framing infrared (IR) imaging seekers. As imaging sensors have matured to support BMDO, the complexity of functions assigned to the KEW weapon systems has amplified the necessity for robust hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation facilities to reduce program risk. Tactical weapon systems are also turning to imaging focal plane array (FPA) seekers. They too require more sophisticated HWIL testing. The IR projector, an integral component of a HWIL simulation, must reproduce the real world with enough fidelity that the unit-under-tests's (UUT) software will respond to the projected scenario of images as though it were viewing the real world. The MOSFET resistor array IR scene projector shows great promise in cryogenic vacuum chamber as well as room temperature testing. Under the wideband infrared scene projector (WISP) program, an enhanced version of the resistor array is currently under development. When the WISP system is delivered, the projector will consist of a 512 by 512 baseline array with the center 128 by 128 resistors having a higher output capability. For the development stage of the program, 512 by 512 prototype baseline and 128 by 128 prototype high dynamic range (HDR) arrays have been fabricated separately. Characterization measurements to include: spectral output, dynamic range capability, apparent temperature, rise time, fall time, cross talk, and current consumption have been accomplished on the prototype baseline and HDR arrays at the Kinetic Kill Vehicle Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator (KHILS) Facility and the Guided Weapons Evaluation Facility (GWEF). Results from the measurements show the HDR array dynamic range is an order of magnitude greater than its predecessor. Other parameters such as droop, rise time, etc., either meet or are close to meeting system specifications. The final design of the arrays is currently in progress based on these results.

Proceedings Article | 24 May 1996 Paper

Integration, calibration, and testing of resistor array dynamic infrared scene projector on the outer axis of a five-axis flight motion simulator for real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations

George Goldsmith, Mary Amenda Amick, Lawrence Jones

Proceedings Volume 2741, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241094

KEYWORDS: Resistors, Calibration, Collimators, Projection systems, Long wavelength infrared, Infrared radiation, Fermium, Frequency modulation, Computer simulations, Infrared imaging

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Proceedings Article | 24 May 1996 Paper

512x512 WISP (wideband infrared scene projector) arrays

Barry Cole, Robert Higashi, Jeff Ridley, J. Holmen, James Arendt, Charles Malone, Robert Stockbridge, George Goldsmith, Lawrence Jones

Proceedings Volume 2741, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.241131

KEYWORDS: Projection systems, Black bodies, Infrared radiation, Electronics, Resistors, Temperature metrology, Analog electronics, Resistance, Lead, Copper

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1994 Paper

Characterization and nonuniformity correction of a resistor array infrared scene projector

Robert Stockbridge, George Goldsmith, David Edwards, Andrew Guertin, Lawrence Jones, Eric Olson

Proceedings Volume 2223, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177945

KEYWORDS: Resistors, Projection systems, Imaging infrared seeker, Infrared radiation, Infrared imaging, Nonuniformity corrections, Infrared technology, Missiles, Defense and security, Semiconductors

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1994 Paper

High-performance 512 x 512 scene projector for targets against space backgrounds

Barry Cole, Chien-Jih Han, Robert Higashi, Donald Pritchett, B. Sawyer, Thomas Old, George Goldsmith, David Edwards, Robert Stockbridge, Lawrence Jones

Proceedings Volume 2223, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177936

KEYWORDS: Projection systems, Thermography, Infrared radiation, Defense and security, Displays, Silicon, Electronics, Black bodies

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 1992 Paper

Dynamic IR scene projection using the Hughes liquid crystal light valve

Richard Forber, Anson Au, Uzi Efron, Keyvan Sayyah, Shin-Tson Wu, George Goldsmith

Proceedings Volume 1665, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.60394

KEYWORDS: Liquid crystals, Projection systems, Black bodies, Infrared imaging, Silicon, Modulation, Diodes, Spatial resolution, Light valves, Image resolution

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