KEYWORDS: Process modeling, Neural networks, Visual process modeling, Image processing, Process control, Data acquisition, Tungsten, Artificial neural networks, Carbon, Manufacturing
Modeling of welding process is the base of process control. Because welding process is a multivariable, strong coupling, time-varying and nonlinear system, traditional modeling methods are not suitable. In this paper, the dynamic neural network model for predicting backside width of pulsed GTAW weld pool by welding parameters and topside shape parameters was constructed. Orthogonal method was applied to design the sampling experiments. Experiments were carried on low carbon steel with 2mm thickness during pulsed gas tungsten arc butt-welding with gap. Based on self-developed vision sensor, double-side images of weld pool were captured simultaneously in a frame. By image processing the topside dimension and shape of weld pool, such as length, maximum width, gap width and the half-length ratio, and the backside dimension such as area, length and maximum width were calculated. Artificial neural network was applied to establish the model for predicting backside width of weld pool. The inputs of the model were the topside dimension, shape of weld pool and welding parameters such as pulse current, pulse duty ratio, and welding speed. The output of the model was the backside width of weld pool. The algorithm was the extended delta-bar-delta (EDD), and the learning ratio automatically determined by the algorithm. Threshold function was sigmoid function. The training cycle was selected to be 50000. The final EMS error of backside width was 5.2 percent. The simulation experiments were carried out to test the accuracy of the ANN model. From the results of the test, the output of ANN model can predict the backside width precisely.
Welding arc light spectrum in the range of 600nm∼700nm basically composes of continuous spectrum without metal spectrum and argon spectrum. The radiation strength of this continuous spectrum is low and smooth, which is benefit for reducing process, and the response sensitivity of CCD camera is high at this wavelength range. So, choose a suitable imaging spectrum window, use the continuous spectrum of this window to illuminate the welding pool and use CCD camera to sample the pool image. The reflection of arc light from liquid metal pool surface is specular reflection, the reflection of arc light from the workpiece surface is diffuse reflection, which improves the contrast of the welding pool image. This kind of vision image sensing method takes full advantage of the arc light as a benefit factor, and realizes to acquire the comprehensive information of the pool only from a single sensing source. Based on the above principle, this paper develops a visual image sensing system for weld zone of pulsed GTAW. The system as a part of the control system for weld shape can realize simultaneous image sensing of front topside, back topside and bottom side weld pool in a frame. Both the topside and bottom images concentrate on the same target of the CCD camera through the visual sensing light path system. The composite filter technology with low sampling image current is used to overcome the influence of arc light. The high quality and clear images of weld zones are acquired, which supply plenty information to study the dynamic process of pulsed GTAW. In addition, in order to extract the actual size parameters of weld pool, the image sensing system is calibrated.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.