Color quantization algorithms are used to select a small number of colors that can accurately represent the
content of a particular image. In this research, we introduce a novel color quantization algorithm which is based
on the minimization of a modified Lp norm rather than the more traditional L2 norm associated with mean square
error (MSE). We demonstrate that the Lp optimization approach has two advantages. First, it distributes the
colors more uniformly over the regions of the image; and second, the norm's value can be used as an effective
criterion for selecting the minimum number of colors necessary to achieve accurate representation of the image.
One potential disadvantage of the modified Lp norm criteria is that it could increase the computation of the
associated clustering methods. However, we solve this problem by introducing a two stage clustering procedure in
which the first stage (pre-clustering) agglomerates the full set of pixels into a relatively large number of discrete
colors; and the second stage (post-clustering) performs modified Lp norm minimization using the reduced number
of discrete colors resulting from the pre-clustering step. The number of groups used in the post-clustering is then
chosen to be the smallest number that achieves a selected threshold value of the normalized Lp norm. This two-stage
clustering process dramatically reduces computation by merging together colors before the computationally
expensive modified Lp norm minimization is applied.
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