Dr. Haiyin Sun Profile

Dr. Haiyin Sun

Retired Optical Engineering Consultant

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Editorial Board Member: Optical Engineering | Author | Instructor | Science Fair Judge

Area of Expertise:

Optical design and engineering , Laser parameter measurement , Mathematical modeling , Laser diode application , Laser diode physics , Laser beam control

Ph.D. M.S. and B.S. in applied science, optics and lasers, and physics, respectively. 40 years technical and management experience in academy and industry in USA, China and Germany.

Publications:
The sole author of four books, one book chapter published by Springer, CRC Press and SPIE, and 30+ technical papers on lasers and optics published by peer reviewed journals.
Co-invents of 4 patents

Research works was reported by Photonics Spectra http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=1024

SPIE Journal Paper | 19 December 2022

Analysis of using Newton’s ring to test lens surface radius of curvature

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 61, Issue 12, 125107, (December 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.61.12.125107

KEYWORDS: Optical path differences, Shape analysis, Optical surfaces, Optical engineering, Tolerancing, Sun, Reflection, Lenses, Optics manufacturing, Light sources

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SPIE Journal Paper | 5 January 2021

On the focusing of wide stripe laser diode astigmatic beams for highest power density

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 60, Issue 05, 051205, (January 2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.60.5.051205

KEYWORDS: Semiconductor lasers, Monochromatic aberrations, Ray tracing, Lenses, Collimation, Optical engineering, Prisms, Geometrical optics, Sensors, Diodes

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Proceedings Article | 19 May 2020 Presentation + Paper

The detection and identification of explosive materials using a wide-area, hyperspectral UV Raman imaging sensor

Nathaniel Gomer, Nirmal Lamsal, Heather Gomer, Haiyin Sun, Matthew Nelson

Proceedings Volume 11416, 114160V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557714

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Sensors, Spectrometers, Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, Ultraviolet radiation, Beam splitters, Fourier transforms, Explosives, Imaging systems

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Raman hyperspectral imaging (RHSI) is an emerging chemical imaging technique that provides spectral and spatial information simultaneously in one measurement, and therefore can be a valuable tool for the detection and analysis of targets located in complex backgrounds. In particular, RHSI is useful for the detection and identification of threat materials (i.e., homemade and military-grade explosives) on the surfaces, where the concentration of target of interest could be very low and is typically found within complex scenery. Raman spectroscopy has the capability to provide a distinct molecular fingerprint of a threat material for unambiguous identification, can work at standoff distances (up to 100+ meters), and is capable of being conducted remotely, which makes it beneficial for installation into a stationary vehicle screening assembly. In spite of its numerous advantages, the implementation of Raman instrumentation for hyperspectral imaging is rather challenging owing to the low Raman scattering efficiency, potentially high SWaP constraints, and the need for a tightly focused laser spot that may result into the photo or thermal degradation of the sample. Some limitations can be overcome by utilizing the deep UV laser excitation, as the Raman cross section increases exponentially, i.e., ν4 with laser frequency. However, current generation UV Raman spectrometers require very narrow slit widths and long focal length optics, which means they have very low optical throughput, can be physically large and heavy, and can only probe an area the size of a tightly focused laser beam, eliminating the option to investigate large areas with defocused excitation. In addition, the use of focused laser excitation creates eye-safety concerns that restricts the usage of Raman sensors for most real-world applications To address these issues, ChemImage Sensor Systems (CISS) is developing a hyperspectral Raman imaging system capable of yielding high spectral resolution in a small form factor while using eye-safe, defocused laser excitation. This innovation combines a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), a slit-less spectrometer that operates similar to Michelson interferometer without requiring moving parts, with a fiber array spectral translator (FAST) fiber array, a twodimensional imaging fiber that provides spatial information of the target area. This combination of technologies, known as FAST-SHS that is compatible with deep UV excitation and creates a high throughput Raman hyperspectral imager capable of yielding very high spectral resolution measurements while simultaneously providing expanded area coverage and a faster search rate than traditional Raman systems. Recently, we have developed a FAST-SHS system consisting of fiber bundles with numerous fibers. FAST-SHS is the first spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer to incorporate FAST technique that is capable of performing hyperspectral measurements at various standoff distances using defocused laser excitation. This paper will discuss the background of FAST-SHS technology for Raman hyperspectral imaging, the initial setup and design of the sensor, and provide initial detection results for wide area detection capabilities for the identification and analysis of threat targets.

Proceedings Article | 17 May 2019 Paper

Explosive detection and identification using a wide-area, hyperspectral Raman imaging sensor

Nathaniel Gomer, Nirmal Lamsal, Haiyin Sun, Heather Gomer, Matthew Nelson

Proceedings Volume 11010, 110100H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2518943

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, Beam splitters, Heterodyning, Ultraviolet radiation, Explosives detection

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Raman hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a valuable technique for the detection of threat materials (i.e. explosives and/or narcotics), especially if those materials are located in a complex area with varied background constituents. Raman spectroscopy can provide a unique molecular fingerprint of a threat material, which allows it to provide near unambiguous threat identification. Unfortunately, the current generation of Raman sensors have numerous limitations that hinder their performance and limit their ability to be applied in real world scenarios. These limitations include low optical throughput, larger size/weight requirements, and area of interrogation size limited to the size of a focused laser spot. These limits are typically due to a system’s spectrometer, commonly a dispersive grating based approach that requires a narrow entrance slit width and long focal length optics to accurately resolve and pass the collected scattered light onto the detector. In addition, using focused laser excitation creates eye-safety concerns that can restrict the usage of Raman sensors for most real-world applications. To address these issues, ChemImage Corporation is developing a next generation Raman sensor capable of providing a wide-area of coverage and improved eye-safety using defocused laser excitation. This is made possible by utilizing a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), a slit-less grating-based Michelson interferometer with no moving parts. The entrance aperture to the SHS can be orders of magnitude larger than a traditional spectrometer’s entrance slit, which provides an etendue gain of equal magnitude. This feature also allows the laser to be utilized in a defocused configuration, providing an area of coverage up to centimeters in diameter. The sensor also comprises a fiber-array spectral translator (FAST) bundle, a 2-D hyperspectral imaging fiber composed of dozens of smaller fibers, which gives the sensor the ability to spatially discriminate the area of interrogation. The combination of these two technologies is termed FAST-SHS. This paper will provide the background of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy and Raman hyperspectral imaging, the setup and design of a breadboard FAST-SHS, and provide initial results.

SPIE Press Book | 2 January 2019

Basic Optical Engineering for Engineers and Scientists

Haiyin Sun

KEYWORDS: Semiconductor lasers, Glasses, Mirrors, Lenses, Sensors, Geometrical optics, Ray tracing, Wavefronts, Prisms, Monochromatic aberrations

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Basic Optical Engineering for Engineers and Scientists

Proceedings Article | 10 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Threat detection using a standoff, wide-area hyperspectral Raman imaging sensor

Nathaniel Gomer, Nirmal Lamsal, Haiyin Sun, Matthew Nelson

Proceedings Volume 10629, 1062905 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2303675

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Standoff detection, Ultraviolet radiation, Heterodyning, Beam splitters, Spectral resolution, Fourier transforms

Read Abstract +

Raman hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can be an advantageous technique for the detection and identification of threat materials (i.e. homemade and military grade explosives), especially if those materials are located in a complex scene. Raman spectroscopy has the capability to provide a distinct molecular fingerprint of a threat material, which gives it the ability to provide near unambiguous threat identification. Unfortunately, the current generation of Raman sensors have numerous limitations that hinder their performance and limit their ability to be applied in real world scenarios. These systems offer low optical throughput, have larger size/weight requirements, and can only interrogate an area of interest the size of a focused laser spot. These limitations are typically due to a system’s spectrometer, which traditionally utilizes a dispersive grating and requires a narrow entrance slit width and long focal length optics to accurately accept and pass the collected scattered light onto the detector. In addition, the use of focused laser excitation creates eye-safety concerns that restrict the usage of Raman sensors for most real-world applications. With these issues in mind, ChemImage Sensor Systems (CISS) is developing a next generation Raman sensor capable of providing a wide-area of coverage and improved eye-safety using defocused laser excitation. This is made possible by utilizing a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), a slitless grating-based Michelson interferometer with no moving parts. The entrance aperture to the SHS can be centimeters in diameter, which provides the SHS an etendue orders of magnitude greater than a traditional spectrometer. This feature also allows the excitation laser to be defocused to centimeters in diameter. In addition, the sensor utilizes a fiber-array spectral translator (FAST) bundle, a 2-D hyperspectral imaging fiber composed of hundreds of smaller fibers, which gives the sensor the ability to spatially distinguish the area of interrogation. The combination of these two technologies is termed FAST-SHS. This paper will discuss the background of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy and Raman hyperspectral imaging, the initial setup and design of the sensor, and provide initial detection results.

SPIE Journal Paper | 30 October 2014

Simple mathematical model for designing laser diode focusing optics with a large numerical aperture

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 10, 105105, (October 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.10.105105

KEYWORDS: Semiconductor lasers, Mathematical modeling, Wavefronts, Monochromatic aberrations, Laser development, Laser optics, Solids, Optical engineering, Diffraction, Gaussian beams

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SPIE Journal Paper | 11 April 2012

Modeling the near-field and far-field modes of single spatial mode laser diodes

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 4, 044202, (April 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.4.044202

KEYWORDS: Near field, Semiconductor lasers, Solids, Waveguides, Planar waveguides, Dielectrics, Systems modeling, Refractive index, Optical engineering, Telecommunications

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 February 2012

Analysis of delivering a laser diode beam with the smallest spot

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 1, 019701, (February 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.1.019701

KEYWORDS: Semiconductor lasers, Collimation, Solids, Beam delivery, High power lasers, Diodes, Gaussian beams, Distance measurement, Lens design, Optical engineering

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 2011

Simplification of laser diode astigmatism measurement

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 10, 104202, (October 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3640825

KEYWORDS: Semiconductor lasers, Monochromatic aberrations, Geometrical optics, Gaussian optics, Beam analyzers, Distance measurement, Gaussian beams, Optical testing, Optical engineering, Laser development

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 November 1998

Thin lens equation for a real laser beam with weak lens aperture truncation

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 37, Issue 11, (November 1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601877

KEYWORDS: Gaussian beams, Solids, Diffraction, Optical engineering, Geometrical optics, Semiconductor lasers, Wavefronts, Sun, Optical design, Optical testing

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 1997

Measurement of laser diode astigmatism

Haiyin Sun

OE, Vol. 36, Issue 04, (April 1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601147

KEYWORDS: Monochromatic aberrations, Semiconductor lasers, Gaussian beams, Gaussian optics, Geometrical optics, Cameras, Diodes, Optical testing, Solids, Beam analyzers

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 1995

Development of a tunable, grating external cavity, strong feedback semiconductor laser with real-time wavelength monitoring

Haiyin Sun, Steve Menhart, Alois Adams

OE, Vol. 34, Issue 10, (October 1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/12.210752

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Stereolithography, Wavelength tuning, Diffraction, Mirrors, Semiconductor lasers, Photodiodes, Calibration, Monochromators, Diodes

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Showing 5 of 13 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (23)

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXVIII

3 August 2025 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXVII

28 January 2025 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXVII

19 August 2024 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXVI

30 January 2024 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXVI

22 August 2023 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXV

31 January 2023 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXV

22 August 2022 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXIV

24 January 2022 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXIV

4 August 2021 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXIII

6 March 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXIII

24 August 2020 | Online Only, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXII

3 February 2020 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXII

13 August 2019 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXI

4 February 2019 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XXI

21 August 2018 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XX

29 January 2018 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XX

9 August 2017 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX

30 January 2017 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XIX

29 August 2016 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVIII

15 February 2016 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XVIII

12 August 2015 | San Diego, California, United States

Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XVII

9 February 2015 | San Francisco, California, United States

Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization XVII

17 August 2014 | San Diego, California, United States

Showing 5 of 23 Conference Committees

Course Instructor

SC1146: Laser Diode Beam Basics, Characteristics and Manipulation

Laser diodes are the most widely used lasers and have several unique properties that are difficult to handle. This course first describes laser diode basic properties. Then, laser diode beam properties are extensively explained in detail. Attendees of the course will gain practical knowledge about laser diode beam characteristics, modeling and parameter measurement, learn about designing laser diode optics, and be able to effectively handle and utilize laser diodes.

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