Applying the image deconvolution algorithm to Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) can enhance the spatial resolution. In this paper, the blurring effect of point spread function on Brillouin frequency shift of sensing fiber under different pump pulses is numerically simulated based on the two-dimensional convolution theory of BOTDR. The recovery effects of several classical image deconvolution techniques, including Wiener filtering, regularized filtering, Richardson- Lucy method and blind deconvolution, in improving the spatial resolution of BOTDR are experimentally compared. The experimental results show that all four filtering methods can improve the spatial resolution from 2.5 m to 20 cm. In this application, the Wiener filtering, regularized filtering, and the Richardson- Lucy method provide almost the same restoration, while the blind deconvolution method provides a poorer restoration.
The COTDR sensors based on Rayleigh interference pattern demodulation can be used for the dynamic or static measurement of strain and temperature distribution. Conventionally, one-dimension cross-correlation methods are applied. The frequency shift value and thus the local strain or temperature are obtained by locating the resulting correlation peak in the frequency domain. However, these methods offer poor accuracy performance when the spectrum range for cross-correlation is comparable or smaller than the frequency shift induced by large strain or temperature changes. This substantially limits the dynamic range of the sensing system and deteriorates the quality of demodulated strain or temperature. In this paper, a spectral efficient Rayleigh interference pattern demodulation algorithm for COTDR sensors based on two-dimensional image cross-correlation technique is proposed. To approve the proposal, simulations have been built to generate measured and reference images of a 50 m sensing fiber based on a COTDR sensing system with the frequency tuning range from 200 to 1000 MHz. The simulation results indicate that the image distance width is inversely proportional to the demodulation error rate, the maximum measurable frequency shift can be up to 100% of the spectrum range. The strain resolution is decided by the spline interpolation after cross-correlation, and the distance width of the image doesn’t influence spatial resolution of system but will decrease the minimum measurable length that the strain induced on the fiber. The proposed two-dimensional image cross-correlation algorithm is potential to apply to distributed optical fiber sensors based on frequency demodulation, including φ-OTDR, OFDR, BOTDA.
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