KEYWORDS: Photons, Luminescence, Signal to noise ratio, Acquisition tracking and pointing, Sensors, Photodetectors, Signal processing, Charge-coupled devices, Imaging systems, Digital signal processing
We developed a simulation model of an integrated CMOS-based imaging platform for use with bioluminescent DNA microarrays. We formulate the complete kinetic model of ATP based assays and luciferase label-based assays. The model first calculates the number of photons generated per unit time, i.e., photon flux, based upon the kinetics of the light generation process of luminescence probes. The photon flux coupled with the system geometry is then used to calculate the number of photons incident on the photodetector plane. Subsequently the characteristics of the imaging array including the photodetector spectral response, its dark current density, and the sensor conversion gain are incorporated. The model also takes into account different noise sources including shot noise, reset noise, readout noise and fixed pattern noise. Finally, signal processing algorithms are applied to the image to enhance detection reliability and hence increase the overall system throughput. We will present simulations and preliminary experimental results.
A method for synthesizing enhanced depth of field digital still camera
pictures using multiple differently focused images is presented. This
technique exploits only spatial image gradients in the initial
decision process. The image gradient as a focus measure has been
shown to be experimentally valid and theoretically sound under weak
assumptions with respect to unimodality and monotonicity. Subsequent majority filtering corroborates decisions with those of neighboring pixels, while the use of soft decisions enables smooth transitions across region
boundaries. Furthermore, these last two steps add algorithmic
robustness for coping with both sensor noise and optics-related
effects, such as misregistration or optical flow, and minor intensity
fluctuations. The dependence of these optical effects on several
optical parameters is analyzed and potential remedies that can allay
their impact with regard to the technique's limitations are
discussed. Several examples of image synthesis using the algorithm are
presented. Finally, leveraging the increasing functionality and
emerging processing capabilities of digital still cameras, the method
is shown to entail modest hardware requirements and is implementable
using a parallel or general purpose processor.
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