We have developed a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) wavelength converter with a buried waveguide to improve a mode overlap between a fundamental light and a converted light. We formed a periodically poling by applying highvoltage and a buried waveguide by mechanical processes and a burying process. We designed quasi-phase-matching for second harmonic generation (SHG) in a telecommunication wavelength. We achieved a larger overlap between them in the PPLN buried waveguide than that in a ridge waveguide and confirmed improvement of the SHG conversion efficiency. We also demonstrated wavelength conversion based on cascaded SHG and difference frequency generation (DFG) in a single PPLN waveguide device for fiber-optic communication systems. Additionally, we found out a signal wavelength conversion bandwidth of the cascaded SHG and DFG covering most of C and L bands.
We demonstrate a polarization diversity optical parametric amplifier (OPA) by a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) module for fiber-optic communication systems. We have fabricated the PPLN module which consists of two parallel PPLN ridge waveguide devices to amplify orthogonal polarization components of a signal light independently. The dependence of the parametric gain of each PPLN waveguide on the pump light power was investigated based on a cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) and OPA process. Both PPLN waveguides showed almost the same parametric gain property, which facilitated the gain equalization between the orthogonal polarization components of the signal light. We successfully performed the polarization-independent OPA by adjusting the quasi-phase-matching wavelengths and the gains of the two PPLN waveguides.
We have designed and developed a nonlinear-optic wavelength converter with periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides for optical fiber communication systems. The wavelength conversion module comprises two parallel PPLN ridge waveguide devices for a polarization-independent operation. We demonstrate highly efficient wavelength conversions and amplifications based on a cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) and difference frequency generation (DFG), and optical parametric amplifier (OPA). The wavelength conversion efficiencies and the signal gains more than 20 dB are achieved for both orthogonal transverse magnetic (TM) polarization and transverse electric (TE) polarization in the module.
Passive alignment between the light source and coupling lenses may be one of the crucial and yet challenging technical fields to produce low-cost optical modules for telecom and datacom applications. In our presentation, we report the current status of our integration technologies of both surface and edge emitting type lasers with coupling lenses. We propose surfacemountable silicon microlens whose diameter is identical to a conventional optical fiber. The microlens can be passively aligned in the silicon v-groove to realize beam coupling between an edge emitting laser diode and an optical fiber. Coupling efficiency of -3.2dB between distributed feed-back laser diode and a single-mode fiber was experimentally confirmed. Precise rod shape is fabricated by D-RIE technology. We also report monolithic integration of the silicon substrate and a surface-emitting light source accomplished by direct bonding technology. The corresponding collimating lens is fabricated on the back-surface of the same silicon substrate. Passive alignment between the light source and the corresponding lenses are ensured by using a double-view mask aligner with sub-micron accuracy.
We report both system design and experimental evaluation of SMOP (Simple and small Multi/demultiplexer consisting of OPtical elements) system used for intra-cabinet-level optical interconnections. To increase the interconnection bandwidth, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is an important technology. However, dense WDM is not suitable for the intra-cabinet-level interconnections due to its system complexity and expensive production cost. Instead, we chose wide-channel-spacing wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) since it is expected to reduce fabrication cost by using uncooled lasers. The SMOP consists of three dielectric interference filters and a reflecting mirror, and aspheric lenses. The lens array pitch is set to be 0.25 mm to fit the optical fiber pitch at the end facet of MT connectors. Three dielectric interference filters are stacked to perform wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing functionalities. An incident signal light from an MT connector with four different wavelengths (1280 nm, 1300 nm, 1320 nm, 1340 nm) is first collimated and deflected by an off-axis collimator lens. Three layers of dielectric filters differentiate different wavelengths by reflecting the incident beam at different locations. The SMOP is packaged as small as 6.4 mm by 2.5 mm with 8.1 mm thickness small enough for the intra- cabinet-level interconnections. The proto-type experiments confirmed low insertion loss of below 5 dB. The proposed wafer-level fabrication of SMOP may be effective in packaging such applications.
We propose a silicon microlens that is mountable on a silicon v-groove platform for low-cost telecommunication optical modules. The proposed silicon microlens has a rod shape which has the diameter of 125 micrometers , identical to a single-mode fiber. Therefore, it can be passively embedded in the v-groove in conjunction with the optical fiber with high precision. We employed diffractive microlens that can be fabricated on the top surface of the rod by conventional LSI technology. Better coupling efficiency between a laser diode and an optical fiber is expected with silicon diffractive lenses as compared with conventional silica ones. The coupling efficiency of -0.7 dB between two single-mode fibers was obtained with silicon lenses significantly better than -1.4 dB of insertion loss obtained by a pair of silica diffractive lenses. With good coupling efficiency and the ease of packaging by surface mount technology (SMT), silicon diffractive microlens is promising for low-cost and high- performance optical module applications.
In order to introduce optical fibers in the last one mile to the home, the realization of low cost photonic circuit is crucial. We propose a new concept of photonic circuit consisting of stacked multi-layers of diffractive optical elements. Wafer-scale alignment is expected to reduce fabrication cost of each photonic circuit. The first prototype demonstration of the photonic circuit is reviewed. The experimental results required further insertion loss improvement. To fulfill this need, we developed an optical CAD environment specifically targeted on telecommunication applications. The detail of the CAD environment as well as the second prototype experimental results are discussed.
Architectures of optoelectronic neural network modules based on digital 3-D holographic memory are evaluated in terms of holographic memory design, module scalability and learning capability. A feed-forward module with 900 inputs and 9 outputs with 12-bit interconnection accuracy and perceptron learning are demonstrated experimentally.
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