To explore the nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties of the SnO2 composite system, SnO2 / Ag / SnO2 (SAS) composited films were prepared by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The NLA properties were investigated using femtosecond Z-scan technology at a wavelength of 800 nm. The results show that as the sputtering power of the Ag layer increases, the NLA type of the composite films changes from reverse saturated absorption to saturated absorption. According to the research results, adding the Ag layer can regulate the NLA type of composite films. In addition, by increasing the sputtering power of the Ag layer and the incident laser energy intensity, the NLA behavior of the composite films is improved. Compared with the monolayer SnO2 film, the NLA coefficient (β) of the composite film has increased by 17 times. We provide a new perspective for the application of SAS composite films in optoelectronic devices.
Significance: Tissue-like solid phantoms with identical optical properties, known within tolerant uncertainty, are of crucial importance in diffuse optics for instrumentation assessment, interlaboratory comparison studies, industrial standards, and multicentric clinical trials.
Aim: The reproducibility in fabrication of homogeneous solid phantoms is focused based on spectra measurements by instrument comparisons grounded on the time-resolved diffuse optics.
Approach: Epoxy-resin and silicone phantoms are considered as matrices and both employ three different instruments for time-resolved diffuse spectroscopy within the spectral range of 540 to 1100 nm. In particular, we fabricated two batches of five phantoms each in epoxy resin and silicone. Then, we evaluated the intra- and interbatch variability with respect to the instrument precision, by considering the coefficient of variation (CV) of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients.
Results: We observed a similar precision for the three instruments, within 2% for repeated measurements on the same phantom. For epoxy-resin phantoms, the intra- and the interbatch variability reached the instrument precision limit, demonstrating a very good phantom reproducibility. For the silicone phantoms, we observed larger values for intra- and interbatch variability. In particular, at worst, for reduced scattering coefficient interbatch CV was about 5%.
Conclusions: Results suggest that the fabrication of solid phantoms, especially considering epoxy-resin matrix, is highly reproducible, even if they come from different batch fabrications and are measured using different instruments.
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