Phase state, chemical composition, and morphology of mechanically polished LiB3O5 surface are considered in comparison with as-grown (110) crystal face. Strong enriching of near surface layers with carbon is observed. A way to improve the polished LiB3O5 surface characteristics is demonstrated.
An area of CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) phase equilibrium in the (Cs2O-Li2O) -- B2O3 -- MoO3 system was determined with spontaneous crystallization method. Crystals of 75 X 60 X 40 mm3 size have been growth in [100] direction with Kiropulos method. The forth-harmonic generation (270 nm) was achieved through the doubling of second-harmonic frequency in a multi-mode Nd:YAP laser in the type 1 collinear phase-matched geometry. The second-harmonic radiation in the technological laser of 3 mrad divergence was focused onto the input face of the crystal by a long-focus quartz lens. The input power density of the second harmonic was 300 MW/cm2. Using a 11.5 mm crystal, we showed that the highest efficiency of the forth-harmonic generation is 30%. The fifth harmonic (216 nm) in CLBO crystal was generated by composing the main laser beam and the forth-harmonic beam under the type 1 collinear phase-matching. Both beams were converged with dichroic and turning mirrors and then focused by a long-focus quartz lens. Our experiments showed that the fifth-harmonic generation in a multi-mode technological laser of 3 mrad divergence is possible in a 10 mm CLBO crystal of 23% optical conversion efficiency. The input power density of the forth harmonic was 100 MW/cm2. The use of longer CLBO crystal is less effective due to the nonlinear UV absorption and the walk off between the pump beam (1079 nm) and the harmonic beam.
CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) is a highly promising nonlinear optical material. However, its application is limited due to the difficulties in producing optically uniform CLBO crystals. High viscosity of Cs2O-Li2O-B2O3 melt retards both natural and forced convection in the melt. With the goal to improve the heat and mass transfer in the melt, the study of crystallization in the Cs2O-Li2O- B2O3-MoO3 system was carried out. The CLBO crystals 60 X 40 X 20 mm in size grown using LiCsMoO4 as a solvent were found to be free of cracks, bubbles, and inclusions. Nonlinear optical parameters and physical properties of those crystals turned out to be similar to those reported before. Mohs' hardness is 5.5, transparency window ranges from 0.18 to 2.7 micrometers , nonlinear coefficient is 1 pm/V, angular and spectral bandwidth of synchronism are 0.5 mrad-m and 0.1 nm-cm. The walk-off angle is 2 degree(s) at 0.53 micrometers . The nonlinear optical elements for the 4th harmonic of Nd:YAG laser were fabricated and tested.
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