Phase interactions between cardiovascular and respiratory systems were analyzed at rest in volunteers. 22 healthy normotensive non-smoking subjects aged from 21 to 45 years participated in the study. The following physiological signals were recorded simultaneously: respiratory rate, heart rate variability (HRV), forearm and foot skin blood flow, tissue blood volume from hand and foot finger pads. The degree of synchronization between phases of analyzed signals was estimated with the value of wavelet phase coherence function. It was found high phase synchronization between respiration and tissue blood volume oscillations of both fingers and low synchronization between respiration and skin blood flow oscillations of both skin sites under study. It was also obtained high phase synchronization between HRV and tissue blood volume oscillations of both fingers as well as low synchronization between HRV and skin blood flow oscillations of both skin sites at the respiration frequency (~ 0.3 Hz). There are similarities of phase interactions of both analyzed signals (blood flow and blood volume) with HRV in the low frequency range from 0.0095 to 0.1 Hz. These results were independent of extremities under study. We assume the results obtained can be used for development of new diagnostic approaches for assessment of state of peripheral vessels in pathologies.
Phase synchronization between breath rate, heart rate variability, blood flow and blood volume oscillations were studied from healthy volunteers at rest. The degree of synchronization between the phases of the analyzed signals was estimated from the value of the wavelet phase coherence. High phase synchronization between blood perfusion and blood volume oscillations in a wide frequency range from 0.0095 to 0.1 Hz and at the frequency of heart rate (~ 1 Hz) was obtained. Significant phase synchronization were demonstrated between heart rate variability both skin blood flow oscillations and blood volume ones at the frequency of endothelial (~ 0.01 Hz) and myogenic (~ 0.1 Hz) activities. It was revealed high phase synchronization at the respiratory frequency (~ 0.3 Hz) for blood volume oscillations and low synchronization for blood flow ones. Also there are differences of phase synchronization of blood volume and blood flow oscillations with respiratory rate at the breath frequency. It was obtained high phase synchronization at this frequency for blood volume oscillations and low synchronization for oscillations of skin microvasculature. We assume that the results obtained can form the basis of new diagnostic criteria for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system in pathologies.
Phase synchronization between blood flow oscillations of left and right forearm skin sites, heart rate variability (HRV) and breath rate were studied from healthy volunteers at rest. The degree of synchronization between the phases of the analyzed signals was estimated from the value of the wavelet phase coherence. High medians of values of phase wavelet coherence function were obtained for the endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic and cardiac intervals. Significant phase synchronization were demonstrated between HRV and skin blood flow oscillations in both left and right forearms in a wide frequency range from 0.04 to 0.4 Hz. Six participants exhibited low phase synchronization (< 0.5) between the breath rate and HRV, while nine participants had high phase synchronization (> 0.5). This distribution was not affected by the sex or sympathovagal status of volunteers. Participants with low phase synchronization between breath rate and HRV featured low phase synchronization (< 0.5) between breath rate and blood flow oscillations in both forearms. Contrariwise, in subjects with high phase synchronization between respiratory rhythm and HRV both low and high phase synchronization between breath rate and blood flow oscillations in both forearms was observed. The results obtained allow us to suggest that the organism possesses a mechanism mediating the synchronization of blood flow oscillations in the skin microvasculature with all other periodical processes across the cardiovascular system, in particular, with HRV and breath rate over a wide frequency range.
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